Once in service, the vz. 34 series was set as a tanker trainer while work progressed on a more potent form in the LT vz. 35 Light Tank series (it was thought that the LT vz. 34 lacked the armor protection needed against more modern threats). As such, the vz. 35 directly succeeded in the vz. 34 series almost as soon as the former became available.
With the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, the conquerors took over twenty-three of the Czech vz. 34 stock though eighteen were saved from this fate by the Czechs and rerouted to the 3rd Armored Regiment of newly-founded Slovakia. Some were used in the 1944 Slovak Uprising and Slovakia eventually claimed about twenty-seven of the light tanks under their banner.
During its service life the vz. 34 served primarily as a training platform and those that managed to see action fared poorly against more modern tank types and Anti-Tank solutions. For the Germans, there is little evidence of the tanks having been used in practical battlefield roles and many are believed to have been deliberately destroyed once captured - a rare action considering the Germans favored reconstituting captured enemy vehicles for policing / defense duties in newly acquired territories. The condition of the tanks may have warranted such action.
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