Military Dictionary (Letter Group C)

See times.

In evasion and recovery operations, source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, water, medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support evaders in current or future operations. See also concealment; evader; evasion; evasion and recovery; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50.3)

(*) An adjusted value of the equivalent focal length, so computed as to equalize the positive and negative values of distortion over the entire field used in a camera.

Fire delivered on a specific target in response to a request from the supported unit. See also fire

(*) A request for fire containing data necessary for obtaining the required fire on a target.

(*) Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. See also collective call sign; indefinite call sign; international call sign; net call sign; tactical call sign; visual call sign; voice call sign.

(*) An imaginary line through the optical center of the lens perpendicular to the negative photo plane.

(*) Direction on the horizontal plane of the optical axis of the camera at the time of exposure. This direction is defined by its azimuth expressed in degrees in relation to true/magnetic north.

(*) The determination of the calibrated focal length, the location of the principal point with respect to the fiducial marks and the lens distortion effective in the focal plane of the camera referred to the particular calibrated focal length.

(*) The frequency with which camera frames are exposed, expressed as cycles per second.

See photo nadir.

(*) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.

(*) Photography utilizing a special type of film (usually infrared) designed for the detection of camouflage.

(*) The resulting cavity in a deep underground burst when there is no rupture of the surface. See also crater.

A series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing a strategic or operational objective within a given time and space. See also campaign plan.

A plan for a series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing a strategic or operational objective within a given time and space. See also campaign; campaign planning. (JP 5-0)

The process whereby combatant commanders and subordinate joint force commanders translate national or theater strategic and operational concepts through the development of campaign plans. Campaign planning may begin during deliberate planning when the actual threat, national guidance, and available resources become evident, but is normally not completed until after the Secretary of Defense selects the course of action during crisis action planning. Campaign planning is conducted when contemplated military operations exceed the scope of a single major joint operation. See also campaign; campaign plan.

To restrict operations to a narrow zone by use of existing or reinforcing obstacles or by fire or bombing.

To remove serviceable parts from one item of equipment in order to install them on another item of equipment.

(*) A type of fire control which indicates that the observer or spotter will be unable to adjust fire, but believes a target exists at the given location and is of sufficient importance to justify firing upon it without adjustment or observation.

Used to move Navy lighterage causeway systems on to and off of lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels. This device is suspended from the Morgan LASH barge crane and can lift one causeway section at a time. It is designed to allow the long sections to clear the rear of the ship as they are lowered into the water. Also called CLF. See also causeway; lighterage. (JP 4-01.6)

The ability to execute a specified course of action. (A capability may or may not be accompanied by an intention.) capacity load (Navy) ? The maximum quantity of all supplies (ammunition; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; rations; general stores; maintenance stores; etc.) which each vessel can carry in proportions prescribed by proper authority. See also wartime load.

The top group of joint doctrine publications in the hierarchy of joint publications. Capstone publications link joint doctrine to national strategy and the contributions of other government agencies, alliances, and coalitions. See also above-the-line publications; below-the-line publications; joint publication; keystone publications. (CJCSI 5120.02)

A document that contains performance-based requirements to facilitate development of individual operational requirements documents by providing a common framework and operational concept to guide their development. Also called CRD.

(*) 1. A sealed, pressurized cabin for extremely high altitude or space flight which provides an acceptable environment for man, animal, or equipment. 2. An ejectable sealed cabin having automatic devices for safe return of the occupants to the surface.

(*) A firing test of short duration, conducted with the missile propulsion system operating while secured to a test stand.

See missing.

(*) The increased intensity of a line or group of returns on the radarscope occurring when the radar beam is perpendicular to the rectangular surface of a line or group of similarly aligned features in the ground pattern.

A nonoperating condition in which the installations, materiel, and facilities are in a care and limited preservation status. Only a minimum of personnel is required to safeguard against fire, theft, and damage from the elements.

The division of military cargo into categories for combat loading aboard ships.

A seven-character alphanumeric field that uniquely describes a non-unit-cargo entry (line) in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System time-phased force and deployment data.

A brief message report transmitted within 48 hours of completion of ship discharge to advise both the Military Sealift Command and the terminal of loading of the condition of the cargo, including any discrepancies in the form of overages, shortages, or damages between cargo as manifested and cargo as checked at time of discharge.

A detailed report prepared by a discharging terminal to record discrepancies in the form of over, short, and damaged cargo as manifested, and cargo checked at a time and place of discharge from ship.

(*) A strap, chain, or other material used to hold cargo items securely which are to be hoisted, lowered, or suspended.

A point on military materiel designed for attachment of various means for securing the item for transport.

A reusable metal shipping container designed for worldwide surface and air movement of suitable military supplies and equipment through the cargo transporter service.

(*) The progressive distribution of a mass bomb load upon an area defined by designated boundaries, in such manner as to inflict damage to all portions thereof.

Two or more aircraft squadrons formed under one commander for administrative and tactical control of operations from a carrier.

A standing naval task group consisting of a carrier, surface combatants, and submarines as assigned in direct support, operating in mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces within the group?s assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore lines or projecting fire power inland. Also called CVBG. (JP 3-33)

A naval task force composed of aircraft carriers and supporting combatant ships capable of conducting strike operations.

An association of independent businesses organized to control prices and production, eliminate competition, and reduce the cost of doing business. (JP 3-07.4)

A special operations forces acronym used throughout the targeting and mission planning cycle to assess mission validity and requirements. The acronym stands for criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability. (JP 3-05.2)

1. An intelligence operation in its entirety. 2. Record of the development of an intelligence operation, including personnel, modus operandi, and objectives.

See transient.

Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty status ? whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. See also casualty category; casualty status; casualty type; duty status ? whereabouts unknown; hostile casualty; nonhostile casualty.

A term used to specifically classify a casualty for reporting purposes based upon the casualty type and the casualty status. Casualty categories include killed in action, died of wounds received in action, and wounded in action. See also casualty; casualty status; casualty type; duty status - whereabouts unknown; missing.

The movement of casualties. It includes movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. Any vehicle may be used to evacuate casualties. Also called CASEVAC. See also casualty; evacuation; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02)

In amphibious operations, a ship designated to receive, provide treatment for, and transfer casualties. (JP 3-02)

A term used to classify a casualty for reporting purposes. There are seven casualty statuses: (1) deceased; (2) duty status - whereabouts unknown; (3) missing; (4) very seriously ill or injured; (5) seriously ill or injured; (6) incapacitating illness or injury; and (7) not seriously injured. See also casualty; casualty category; casualty type; deceased; duty status - whereabouts unknown; incapacitating illness or injury; missing; not seriously injured; seriously ill or injured; very seriously ill or injured.

A term used to identify a casualty for reporting purposes as either a hostile casualty or a nonhostile casualty. See also casualty; casualty category; casualty status; hostile casualty; nonhostile casualty.

An attack designed to bring about a war between major powers through the disguised machinations of a third power.

Not to be used. See catalytic attack.

(*) A structure which provides an auxiliary source of thrust to a missile or aircraft; must combine the functions of directing and accelerating the missile during its travel on the catapult; serves the same functions for a missile as does a gun tube for a shell.

In the context of perception management and its constituent approaches, data obtained by adversary individuals, groups, intelligence systems, and officials. Such data fall in two categories: a. information ? A compilation of data provided by protected or open sources that would provide a substantially complete picture of friendly intentions, capabilities, or activities. b. indicators ? Data derived from open sources or from detectable actions that adversaries can piece together or interpret to reach personal conclusions or official estimates concerning friendly intentions, capabilities, or activities. (Note: In operations security, actions that convey indicators exploitable by adversaries, but that must be carried out regardless, to plan, prepare for, and execute activities, are called ?observables.?) See also operations security.

A craft similar in design to a barge, but longer and narrower, designed to assist in the discharge and transport of cargo from vessels. See also barge; watercraft. (JP 4-01.6)

An area located near the line of departure but clear of the approach lanes, where ships can launch pontoon causeways. (JP 3-02)

A designator used with a classification to further limit the dissemination of restricted information. (JP 3-07.4)

An unclassified term to terminate electronic attack activities, including the use of electronic warfare expendables. See also electronic attack; electronic warfare. (JP 3-51)

1. A command given to any unit or individual firing any weapon to stop engaging the target. See also call for fire; fire mission. 2. A command given to air defense artillery units to refrain from firing on, but to continue to track, an airborne object. Missiles already in flight will be permitted to continue to intercept.

See armistice demarcation line. See also armistice; cease fire. (JP 3-07.3)

The height above the Earth?s surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuration phenomena that is reported as ?broken,? ?overcast,? or ?obscured? and not classified as ?thin? or ?partial.?

The guidance of a missile or other vehicle by reference to celestial bodies.

(*) An imaginary sphere of infinite radius concentric with the Earth, on which all celestial bodies except the Earth are imagined to be projected.

Small group of individuals who work together for clandestine or subversive purposes.

See net, chain, cell system.

See armed forces censorship; civil censorship; field press censorship; national censorship; primary censorship; prisoner of war censorship; secondary censorship.

See mean point of impact.

The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act. Also called COG. See also decisive point. (JP 3-0)

(*) A unit of absorbed dose of radiation (one centigray equals one rad).

The officer designated by the amphibious task force commander for the overall coordination of the waterborne ship-to-shore movement. The central control officer is embarked in the central control ship. Also called CCO. (JP 3-02.2)

The procurement of materiel, supplies, or services by an officially designated command or agency with funds specifically provided for such procurement for the benefit and use of the entire component or, in the case of single managers, for the Military Departments as a whole.

1. In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes direct target assignments to fire units. 2. In joint air operations, placing within one commander the responsibility and authority for planning, directing, and coordinating a military operation or group/category of operations. See also decentralized control. (JP3-30)

Actual location where containers with cargo must be sorted before transshipment to the appropriate supply support activity or owning unit. Single consignee cargo and ammunition will not pass through the centralized receiving and shipping point. Cargo will be shipped directly to the owner with the movement organization maintaining visibility, and ammunition will go directly to the appropriate ammunition storage facility. Also called CRSP. (JP 4-01.7)

An item of materiel subject to inventory control point (wholesale level) management.

Radar confusion reflectors, consisting of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes. Causes enemy radar guided missiles to lock on to it instead of the real aircraft, ship, or other platform. See also deception; rope.

See net, chain, cell system.

(*) The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a subordinate through which command is exercised. Also called command channel.

A replacement document for all types of correspondence containing Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff policy and guidance that does not involve the employment of forces. An instruction is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies, or both the Joint Staff and external agencies. It remains in effect until superseded, rescinded, or otherwise canceled. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instructions, unlike joint publications, will not contain joint doctrine. Terminology used in these publications will be consistent with JP 1-02. Also called CJCSI. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual. (CJCSI 5120.02)

A document containing detailed procedures for performing specific tasks that do not involve the employment of forces. A manual is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies or both the Joint Staff and external agencies. It may supplement a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction or stand alone and remains in effect until superseded, rescinded, or otherwise canceled. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manuals, unlike joint publications, will not contain joint doctrine. Terminology used in these publications will be consistent with JP 1-02. Also called CJCSM. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction. (CJCSI 5120.02)

A statement of policy approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and issued for the guidance of the Services, the combatant commands, and the Joint Staff.

Provides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?s personal appraisal on alternative program recommendations and budget proposals to the Secretary of Defense for consideration in refining the defense program and budget in accordance with 10 United States Code. The Chairman?s program assessment comments on the risk associated with the programmed allocation of Defense resources and evaluates the conformance of program objective memoranda to the priorities established in strategic plans and combatant commanders? priority requirements. Also called CPA.

Provides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?s personal recommendations to the Secretary of Defense for the programming and budgeting process before publishing the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) in accordance with 10 United States Code. The Chairman?s program recommendations articulates programs the Chairman deems critical for the Secretary of Defense to consider when identifying Department of Defense (DOD) priorities and performance goals in the DPG and emphasizes specific recommendations that will enhance joint readiness, promote joint doctrine and training, improve joint warfighting capabilities, and satisfy joint warfighting requirements within DOD resource constraints and within acceptable risk levels. Also called CPR.

(*) The commander of all troops embarked under one chalk number. See also chalk number; chalk troops.

(*) The number given to a complete load and to the transporting carrier. See also chalk commander; chalk troops.

(*) A load of troops defined by a particular chalk number. See also chalk commander; chalk number.

(*) Any process carried out by one unit or person with the object of ascertaining the friendly or hostile character or identity of another. See also countersign; password.

The building upon a diplomatic or consular compound which houses the offices of the chief of mission or principal officer.

The date and time (Coordinated Universal Time) at which a force or unit is reassigned or attached from one commander to another where the gaining commander will exercise operational control over that force or unit. Also called CHOP. See also operational control. (JP 0-2)

Common-user airlift service provided on a scheduled basis between two points. There are two types of channel airlift. A requirements channel serves two or more points on a scheduled basis depending upon the volume of traffic; a frequency channel is time-based and serves two or more points at regular intervals.

In naval mine warfare, the average probability of a mine of a given type being actuated by one run of the sweep within the characteristic actuation width.

In naval mine warfare, the width of path over which mines can be actuated by a single run of the sweep gear.

In naval mine warfare, the ratio of the number of mines detected on a single run to the number of mines which could have been detected within the characteristic detection width.

In naval mine warfare, the width of path over which mines can be detected on a single run.

(*) A demolition target on which all charges have been placed and which is in the states of readiness, either state 1--safe, or state 2--armed. See also state of readiness--state 1--safe; state of readiness--state 2--armed.

(*) A chart used as a primary source for compilation or as a framework on which new detail is printed. Also called topographic base.

In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, a command to cause a temporary halt in firing. See also cease fire; fire mission.

(*) In naval mine warfare, sweeping to check that no moored mines are left after a previous clearing operation.

(*) A sequence of functional, operational, and calibrational tests to determine the condition and status of a weapon system or element thereof.

(*) 1. A predetermined point on the surface of the Earth used as a means of controlling movement, a registration target for fire adjustment, or reference for location. 2. Center of impact; a burst center. 3. Geographical location on land or water above which the position of an aircraft in flight may be determined by observation or by electrical means. 4. A place where military police check vehicular or pedestrian traffic in order to enforce circulation control measures and other laws, orders, and regulations.

Any toxic chemical intended for use in military operations. See also chemical ammunition; chemical defense; chemical dose; chemical environment; chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

The building up, within the human body, of small ineffective doses of certain chemical agents to a point where eventual effect is similar to one large dose.

(*) A type of ammunition, the filler of which is primarily a chemical agent.

Cargo such as white phosphorous munitions (shell and grenades).

See contamination. (JP 3-11)

(*) The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and executing defensive measures against attack utilizing chemical agents. See also nuclear, biological, and chemical defense.

(*) The amount of chemical agent, expressed in milligrams, that is taken or absorbed by the body.

(*) Conditions found in an area resulting from direct or persisting effects of chemical weapons.

(*) In naval mine warfare, a mine horn containing an electric battery, the electrolyte for which is in a glass tube protected by a thin metal sheet. Also called Hertz Horn.

(*) The continued or periodic process of determining whether or not a chemical agent is present. See also chemical survey.

(*) Employment of chemical agents to kill, injure, or incapacitate for a significant period of time, man or animals, and deny or hinder the use of areas, facilities, or materiel; or defense against such employment.

(*) The directed effort to determine the nature and degree of chemical hazard in an area and to delineate the perimeter of the hazard area.

All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal and incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations. Since riot control agents and herbicides are not considered to be chemical warfare agents, those two items will be referred to separately or under the broader term ?chemical,? which will be used to include all types of chemical munitions/agents collectively. Also called CW. See also chemical agent; chemical defense; chemical dose; chemical environment; chemical weapon; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above. See also chemical agent; chemical defense; chemical dose; chemical environment; chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

(*) A collective term used only when referring to a combined chemical, biological, and radiological operation.

Efforts to protect personnel on military installations and facilities from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-07.2) chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive hazards ? Those chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive elements that pose or could pose a hazard to individuals. Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive hazards include those created from accidental releases, toxic industrial materials (especially air and water poisons), biological pathogens, radioactive matter, and high-yield explosives. Also included are any hazards resulting from the deliberate employment of weapons of mass destruction during military operations. Also called CBRNE hazards. (JP 3-07.2)

An emergency resulting from the deliberate or unintentional, release of nuclear, biological, radiological, or toxic or poisonous chemical materials, or the detonation of a high-yield explosive. Also called CBRNE incidents. (JP 3-26)

An officer appointed by the commander of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps component of a unified command to supervise all censorship activities of that Service.

The principal officer (the ambassador) in charge of a diplomatic facility of the United States, including any individual assigned to be temporarily in charge of such a facility. The chief of mission is the personal representative of the President to the country of accreditation. The chief of mission is responsible for the direction, coordination, and supervision of all US Government executive branch employees in that country (except those under the command of a US area military commander). The security of the diplomatic post is the chief of mission?s direct responsibility. Also called COM. (JP 3-10)

The senior or principal member or head of a staff, or the principal assistant in a staff capacity to a person in a command capacity; the head or controlling member of a staff, for purposes of the coordination of its work; a position that in itself is without inherent power of command by reason of assignment, except that which is invested in such a position by delegation to exercise command in another?s name.

A dose of ionizing radiation received either continuously or intermittently over a prolonged period of time. A chronic radiation dose may be high enough to cause radiation sickness and death but, if received at a low dose rate, a significant portion of the acute cellular damage may be repaired. See also acute radiation dose; radiation dose; radiation dose rate.

(*) The characteristic of some rockets to burn intermittently and with an irregular noise.

Any cryptographic system in which arbitrary symbols (or groups of symbols) represent units of plain text of regular length, usually single letters; units of plain text are rearranged; or both, in accordance with certain predetermined rules. See also cryptosystem.

An indicator of the delivery accuracy of a weapon system, used as a factor in determining probable damage to a target. It is the radius of a circle within which half of a missile?s projectiles are expected to fall. Also called CEP. See also delivery error; deviation; dispersion error; horizontal error.

See military civic action.

An administration established by a foreign government in (1) friendly territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established. Also called CA. (JP 3-05)

Designated Active and Reserve component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs activities and to support civil-military operations. Also called CA. See also civil affairs activities; civil-military operations. (JP 3-57)

Activities performed or supported by civil affairs that (1) enhance the relationship between military forces and civil authorities in areas where military forces are present; and (2) involve application of civil affairs functional specialty skills, in areas normally the responsibility of civil government, to enhance conduct of civil-military operations. See also civil affairs; civil-military operations. (JP 3-57)

An agreement that governs the relationship between allied armed forces located in a friendly country and the civil authorities and people of that country. See also civil affairs.

Standing, long-term contacts designed to augment Service logistic capabilities with contract support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies. Examples include US Army Logistics Civilian Augmentation Program, US Air Force Contract Augmentation Program, and US Navy Construction Capabilities Contract. See also contingency. (JP 4-07)

Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the government of the United States, of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, United States possessions and territories, and political subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-26)

Censorship of civilian communications, such as messages, printed matter, and films entering, leaving, or circulating within areas or territories occupied or controlled by armed forces. See also censorship.

An appraisal of damage to a nation?s population, industry, utilities, communications, transportation, food, water, and medical resources to support planning for national recovery. See also damage assessment.

All those activities and measures designed or undertaken to: a. minimize the effects upon the civilian population caused or which would be caused by an enemy attack on the United States; b. deal with the immediate emergency conditions that would be created by any such attack; and c. effectuate emergency repairs to, or the emergency restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged by any such attack.

See domestic emergencies.

The product resulting from the collection and evaluation of information concerning all aspects of the situation in the United States and its territories that are potential or actual targets of any enemy attack including, in the preattack phase, the emergency measures taken and estimates of the civil populations? preparedness. In the event of an actual attack, the information will include a description of conditions in the affected area with emphasis on the extent of damage, fallout levels, and casualty and resource estimates. The product is required by civil and military authorities for use in the formulation of decisions, the conduct of operations, and the continuation of the planning processes.

(*) Group acts of violence and disorder prejudicial to public law and order. See also domestic emergencies.

Required conditions of preparedness to be attained by military forces in preparation for deployment to an objective area in response to an actual or threatened civil disturbance.

Those combat support and combat service support activities that identify, design, construct, lease, or provide facilities, and which operate, maintain, and perform war damage repair and other engineering functions in support of military operations. See also civil engineering support plan; combat service support; combat support. (JP 4-04)

An appendix to the logistics annex or separate annex of an operation plan that identifies the minimum essential engineering services and construction requirements required to support the commitment of military forces. Also called CESP. See also civil engineering; operation plan. (JP 4-04)

A nation that has the potential to employ nuclear technology for development of nuclear weapons but has deliberately decided against doing so.

The necessary production and distribution of all types of services, supplies, and equipment during periods of armed conflict or occupation to ensure the productive efficiency of the civilian economy and to provide to civilians the treatment and protection to which they are entitled under customary and conventional international law.

A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for the services of specific aircraft, owned by a US entity or citizen, during national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military airlift activity is required. These aircraft are allocated, in accordance with Department of Defense requirements, to segments, according to their capabilities, such as international long range and short range cargo and passenger sections, national (domestic and Alaskan sections) and aeromedical evacuation and other segments as may be mutually agreed upon by the Department of Defense and the Department of Transportation. Also called CRAF. See also reserve. (JP 3-17)

Department of Defense support to US civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and for designated law enforcement and other activities. Also called CS. See also military assistance to civil authorities. (JP 3-26)

The movement of persons, property, or mail by civil facilities, and the resources (including storage, except that for agricultural and petroleum products) necessary to accomplish the movement. (Excludes transportation operated or controlled by the military as well as petroleum and gas pipelines.)

The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly, neutral, or hostile operational area in order to facilitate military operations, to consolidate and achieve operational US objectives. Civil-military operations may include performance by military forces of activities and functions normally the responsibility of the local, regional, or national government. These activities may occur prior to, during, or subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if directed, in the absence of other military operations. Civil-military operations may be performed by designated civil affairs, by other military forces, or by a combination of civil affairs and other forces. Also called CMO. See also civil affairs; operation. (JP 3-57)

An ad hoc organization, normally established by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate joint force commander, to assist in the coordination of activities of engaged military forces, and other United States Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and regional and intergovernmental organizations. There is no established structure, and its size and composition are situation dependent. Also called CMOC. See also civil affairs activities; civil-military operations; operation. (JP 3-08)

1. A civilian who is interned during armed conflict or occupation for security reasons or for protection or because he or she has committed an offense against the detaining power. 2. A term used to refer to persons interned and protected in accordance with the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 (Geneva Convention). Also called CI. See also prisoner of war.

An installation established for the internment and administration of civilian internees.

An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. A clandestine operation differs from a covert operation in that emphasis is placed on concealment of the operation rather than on concealment of the identity of the sponsor. In special operations, an activity may be both covert and clandestine and may focus equally on operational considerations and intelligence-related activities. See also covert operation; overt operation. (JP 3-05.1)

There are ten categories into which supplies are grouped in order to facilitate supply management and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items. II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV. Construction materiels. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development. See also ammunition; petroleum, oils, and lubricants. (JP 4-09)

The determination that official information requires, in the interests of national security, a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made. See also security classification.

See military load classification.

Any contract that requires or will require access to classified information by the contractor or the employees in the performance of the contract. (A contract may be classified even though the contract document itself is not classified.)

Official information that has been determined to require, in the interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has been so designated.

(*) Official information or matter in any form or of any nature which requires protection in the interests of national security. See also unclassified matter.

1. An aircraft in flight configuration (versus landing configuration); i.e., landing gear and flaps retracted, etc. 2. An aircraft that does not have external stores.

See decontamination station.

1. To approve or authorize, or to obtain approval or authorization for: a. a person or persons with regard to their actions, movements, duties, etc.; b. an object or group of objects, as equipment or supplies, with regard to quality, quantity, purpose, movement, disposition, etc.; and c. a request, with regard to correctness of form, validity, etc. 2. To give one or more aircraft a clearance. 3. To give a person a security clearance. 4. To fly over an obstacle without touching it. 5. To pass a designated point, line, or object. The end of a column must pass the designated feature before the latter is cleared. 6. a. To operate a gun so as to unload it or make certain no ammunition remains; and b. to free a gun of stoppages. 7. To clear an engine; to open the throttle of an idling engine to free it from carbon. 8. To clear the air to gain either temporary or permanent air superiority or control in a given sector.

An estimate expressed in terms of measurement or weight tons per day of the cargo that may be transported inland from a beach or port over the available means of inland communication, including roads, railroads, and inland waterways. The estimate is based on an evaluation of the physical characteristics of the transportation facilities in the area. See also beach capacity; port capacity.

(*) The area which would be cleared per unit time with a stated minimum percentage clearance, using specific minehunting and/or minesweeping procedures.

An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and obstacles from a route or area. (JP 3-15)

The position of a target in relation to an aircraft or ship with dead-ahead position considered as 12 o?clock.

Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. See also air interdiction; air support; immediate mission request; preplanned mission request. (JP 3-0)

(*) That action of the supporting force against targets or objectives which are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action with the fire, movement, or other actions of the supported force. See also direct support; general support; mutual support; support.

Those parts of the ocean operating areas nearest to, but not necessarily in, the objective area. They are assigned to naval support carrier battle groups, surface action groups, surface action units, and certain logistic combat service support elements. (JP 3-02)

(*) An interception in which the interceptor is continuously controlled to a position from which the target is within visual range or radar contact. See also air interception.

(*) A designated area in or over which passage of any kind is prohibited. See also prohibited area.

In transportation, the process of a unit arriving at a specified location. It begins when the first element arrives at a designated location, e.g., port of entry and/or port of departure, intermediate stops, or final destination, and ends when the last element does likewise. For the purposes of studies and command post exercises, a unit is considered essentially closed after 95 percent of its movement requirements for personnel and equipment are completed.

(*) In naval mine warfare, a minefield which is planned to present such a threat that waterborne shipping is prevented from moving.

The specified movement requirement or portion thereof that did not meet scheduling criteria and/or movement dates.

(*) The proportion of sky obscured by cloud, expressed as a fraction of sky covered.

See condensation cloud.

The maximal altitude to which a nuclear mushroom cloud rises.

(*) An aircraft store composed of a dispenser and submunitions. Also called CBU.

Permanent echoes, cloud, or other atmospheric echo on radar scope; as contact has entered scope clutter. See also radar clutter.

An ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action. See also alliance; multinational. (JP 5-0)

Multinational action outside the bounds of established alliances, usually for single occasions or longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. See also alliance; coalition; multinational operations. (JP 5-0)

An ad hoc unified or sub-unified staff organization composed of staff elements required to integrate coalition contributions (forces and capabilities) into a contingency operation. Also called CCC.

(*) In naval mine warfare, a relatively insensitive influence mine.

With respect to exports, a cooperative arrangement (e.g., US Government or company with foreign government or company) by which finished parts, components, assemblies, or subassemblies are provided to an eligible foreign government, international organization, or commercial producer for the assembly of an end-item or system. This is normally accomplished under the provisions of a manufacturing license agreement per the US International Traffic in Arms Regulation and could involve the implementation of a government-to-government memorandum of understanding.

(*) A convoy whose voyage lies in general on the continental shelf and in coastal waters.

A geographic division of a coastal area, established for organization and command purposes in order to ensure the effective coordination of military forces employed in military operations within the coastal frontier area.

(*) The change of the direction of travel of a radio ground wave as it passes from land to sea or from sea to land. Also called land effect or shoreline effect.

The employment of forces to ensure the unimpeded use of an offshore coastal area by friendly forces and, as appropriate, to deny the use of the area to enemy forces. (JP 3-10)

1. Any system of communication in which arbitrary groups of symbols represent units of plain text of varying length. Codes may be used for brevity or for security. 2. A cryptosystem in which the cryptographic equivalents (usually called ?code groups?), typically consisting of letters or digits (or both) in otherwise meaningless combinations, are substituted for plain text elements which are primarily words, phrases, or sentences. See also cryptosystem.

(*) 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning to safeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. 2. A cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data.

A state of international tension wherein political, economic, technological, sociological, psychological, paramilitary, and military measures short of overt armed conflict involving regular military forces are employed to achieve national objectives.

A method of purchase whereby, in buying similar commodities, buyers for two or more departments exchange information concerning planned purchases in order to minimize competition between them for commodities in the same market.

(*) The design depth, referenced to the axis of the pressure hull, beyond which the hull structure or hull penetrations are presumed to suffer catastrophic failure to the point of total collapse.

1. The grouping together of related items to provide a record of events and facilitate further processing. 2. To compare critically two or more items or documents concerning the same general subject; normally accomplished in the processing and exploitation phase in the intelligence cycle. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-0)

Unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. Such damage is not unlawful so long as it is not excessive in light of the overall military advantage anticipated from the attack. (JP 3-60)

In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information and the provision of this information to processing elements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01)

The obtaining of information in any manner, including direct observation, liaison with official agencies, or solicitation from official, unofficial, or public sources.

Any individual, organization, or unit that has access to sources of information and the capability of collecting information from them. See also agency.

A collection system, platform, or capability that is supporting, assigned, or attached to a particular commander. See also capability; collection. (JP 2-01)

An arbitrary number assigned to contingency intelligence reconnaissance objectives by the Defense Intelligence Agency collection coordination facility to facilitate all-source collection.

In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence requirements into collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as required. See also collection; collection requirement; collection requirements management; intelligence; intelligence process. (JP 2-0)

Within the Department of Defense, collection management authority constitutes the authority to establish, prioritize, and validate theater collection requirements, establish sensor tasking guidance, and develop theater-wide collection policies. Also called CMA. See also collection manager; collection plan; collection requirement. (JP 2-01.2)

An individual with responsibility for the timely and efficient tasking of organic collection resources and the development of requirements for theater and national assets that could satisfy specific information needs in support of the mission. Also called CM. See also collection; collection management authority. (JP 2-01)

The authoritative direction, scheduling, and control of specific collection operations and associated processing, exploitation, and reporting resources. Also called COM. See also collection management; collection requirements management. (JP 2-0)

(*) A plan for collecting information from all available sources to meet intelligence requirements and for transforming those requirements into orders and requests to appropriate agencies. See also information; information requirements; intelligence process.

A continuous process that coordinates and integrates the efforts of all collection units and agencies. See also collection. (JP 2-0)

A point designated for the assembly of personnel casualties, stragglers, disabled materiel, salvage, etc., for further movement to collecting stations or rear installations.

1. An intelligence need considered in the allocation of intelligence resources. Within the Department of Defense, these collection requirements fulfill the essential elements of information and other intelligence needs of a commander, or an agency. 2.An established intelligence need, validated against the appropriate allocation of intelligence resources (as a requirement) to fulfill the essential elements of information and other intelligence needs of an intelligence consumer. (JP 2-01.2)

The authoritative development and control of collection, processing, exploitation, and/or reporting requirements that normally result in either the direct tasking of assets over which the collection manager has authority, or the generation of tasking requests to collection management authorities at a higher, lower, or lateral echelon to accomplish the collection mission. Also called CRM. See also collection; collection management; collection operations management. (JP 2-0)

A collection system, platform, or capability that is not assigned or attached to a specific unit or echelon which must be requested and coordinated through the chain of command. See also collection management. (JP 2-01)

(*) Any call sign which represents two or more facilities, commands, authorities, or units. The collective call sign for any of these includes the commander thereof and all subordinate commanders therein. See also call sign.

(*) Protection provided to a group of individuals in a nuclear, biological, and chemical environment which permits relaxation of individual nuclear, biological, and chemical protection.

Collective self-defense is the act of defending other designated non-US forces. Only the President or Secretary of Defense may authorize US forces to exercise the right of collective self-defense.

(*) The physical placement of two or more detachments, units, organizations, or facilities at a specifically defined location.

That portion of usable coastline sufficient for the assault landing of a regimental landing team or similar sized unit. In the event that the landing force consists of a single battalion landing team, a colored beach will be used and no further subdivision of the beach is required. See also numbered beach. (JP 3-02)

(*) A formation in which elements are placed one behind the other.

(*) The space between two consecutive elements proceeding on the same route. It can be calculated in units of length or in units of time measured from the rear of one element to the front of the following element.

(*) The length of the roadway occupied by a column or a convoy in movement. See also road space.

(*) An aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, the force protected, the critical area of a combat zone, or in an air defense area, for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their targets. Also called CAP. See also airborne alert; barrier combat air patrol; patrol; rescue combat air patrol.

See airspace control in the combat zone. (JP 3-52)

The expected and predictable emotional, intellectual, physical, and/or behavioral reactions of Service members who have been exposed to stressful events in war or military operations other than war. Combat stress reactions vary in quality and severity as a function of operational conditions, such as intensity, duration, rules of engagement, leadership, effective communication, unit morale, unit cohesion, and perceived importance of the mission. (JP 4-02)

A restricted area (air, land, or sea) that is established to prevent or minimize mutual interference between friendly forces engaged in combat operations. See also combat zone.

The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment during military operations. Combat assessment is composed of three major components: (a) battle damage assessment; (b) munitions effectiveness assessment; and (c) reattack recommendation. Also called CA. See also battle damage assessment; munitions effectiveness assessment; reattack recommendation. (JP 3-60)

The acquisition and utilization of still and motion imagery in support of combat, information, humanitarian, special force, intelligence, reconnaissance, engineering, legal, public affairs, and other operations involving the Military Services. Also called COMCAM. See also visual information; visual information documentation. (JP 3-61)

An embarkation officer assigned to major amphibious ships or naval staffs, functioning primarily as an adviser to and representative of the naval commander in matters pertaining to embarkation and debarkation of troops and their supplies and equipment. Also called CCO. See also embarkation officer.

A special naval chart, at a scale of 1:50,000, designed for naval surface fire support and close air support during coastal or amphibious operations and showing detailed hydrography and topography in the coastal belt. See also amphibious chart.

A small task organized team of Air Force parachute and combat diver qualified personnel trained and equipped to rapidly establish and control drop, landing, and extraction zone air traffic in austere or hostile conditions. They survey and establish terminal airheads as well as provide guidance to aircraft for airlift operations. They provide command and control, and conduct reconnaissance, surveillance, and survey assessments of potential objective airfields or assault zones. They also can perform limited weather observations and removal of obstacles or unexploded ordinance with demolitions. Also called CCT. (JP 3-17)

Those engineering tasks that assist the tactical and/or operational commander to ?shape? the battlespace by enhancing mobility, creating the space and time necessary to generate mass and speed while protecting the force and denying mobility and key terrain to the enemy. These tasks include breaching, bridging, and emplacement of obstacles to deny mobility to the enemy. (JP 3-34)

Those forces whose primary missions are to participate in combat. See also operating forces.

The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called CID. (JP 3-0)

Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user?s tactical intelligence requirements. See also information.

(*) The agency in a ship or aircraft manned and equipped to collect, display, evaluate, and disseminate tactical information for the use of the embarked flag officer, commanding officer, and certain control agencies. Certain control, assistance, and coordination functions may be delegated by command to the combat information center. Also called action information center; CIC. See also air defense control center.

That knowledge of the enemy, weather, and geographical features required by a commander in the planning and conduct of combat operations.

(*) The arrangement of personnel and the stowage of equipment and supplies in a manner designed to conform to the anticipated tactical operation of the organization embarked. Each individual item is stowed so that it can be unloaded at the required time. See also loading.

(*) The total means of destructive and/or disruptive force which a military unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time.

Synonymous with operational readiness, with respect to missions or functions performed in combat.

A specific task performed by rescue forces to effect the recovery of distressed personnel during war or military operations other than war. Also called CSAR. See also search and rescue. (JP 3-50.2)

The designated person or organization selected to direct and coordinate support for a specific combat search and rescue mission. Also called CSAR mission coordinator. See also combat search and rescue; component search and rescue controller; search and rescue; search and rescue mission coordinator. (JP 3-50.2)

All forces committed to a specific combat search and rescue operation to search for, locate, identify, and recover isolated personnel during wartime or contingency operations. This includes those elements assigned to provide command and control and protect the recovery vehicle from enemy air or ground attack. Also called CSARTF. See also combat search and rescue; search; search and rescue. (JP 3-50.21)

The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks necessary to sustain all elements of operating forces in theater at all levels of war. Within the national and theater logistic systems, it includes but is not limited to that support rendered by service forces in ensuring the aspects of supply, maintenance, transportation, health services, and other services required by aviation and ground combat troops to permit those units to accomplish their missions in combat. Combat service support encompasses those activities at all levels of war that produce sustainment to all operating forces on the battlefield. Also called CSS. See also combat support. (JP 4-0)

An area ashore that is organized to contain the necessary supplies, equipment, installations, and elements to provide the landing force with combat service support throughout the operation. Also called CSSA. (JP 3-02)

The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is task-organized to provide the combat service support necessary to accomplish the MAGTF mission. The combat service support element varies in size from a small detachment to one or more force service support groups. It provides supply, maintenance, transportation, general engineering, health services, and a variety of other services to the MAGTF. The combat service support element itself is not a formal command. Also called CSSE. See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task force.

Those elements whose primary missions are to provide service support to combat forces and which are a part, or prepared to become a part, of a theater, command, or task force formed for combat operations. See also operating forces; service troops; troops.

Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements. Also called CS. See also combat service support. (JP 4-0)

Those elements whose primary missions are to provide combat support to the combat forces and which are a part, or prepared to become a part, of a theater, command, or task force formed for combat operations. See also operating forces.

Those units or organizations whose primary mission is to furnish operational assistance for the combat elements. See also troops.

A continuous, all-weather, day-and-night, systematic watch over the battle area in order to provide timely information for tactical combat operations.

Radar with the normal function of maintaining continuous watch over a combat area.

(*) Those measures to be taken by Service personnel when involuntarily separated from friendly forces in combat, including procedures relating to individual survival, evasion, escape, and conduct after capture.

A vehicle, with or without armor, designed for a specific fighting function. Armor protection or armament mounted as supplemental equipment on noncombat vehicles will not change the classification of such vehicles to combat vehicles.

A visual information support facility established at a base of operations during war or military operations other than war to provide limited visual information support to the base and its supported elements. Also called CVISC.

1. That area required by combat forces for the conduct of operations. 2. The territory forward of the Army rear area boundary. See also combat area; communications zone.

A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional responsibilities. See also specified command; unified command. (JP 5-0)

Nontransferable command authority established by title 10 (?Armed Forces?), United States Code, section 164, exercised only by commanders of unified or specified combatant commands unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense. Combatant command (command authority) cannot be delegated and is the authority of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Combatant command (command authority) should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders. Combatant command (command authority) provides full authority to organize and employ commands and forces as the combatant commander considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command authority). Also called COCOM. See also combatant command; combatant commander; operational control; tactical control. (JP 0-2)

The senior chaplain assigned to the staff of, or designated by, the combatant commander to provide advice on religion, ethics, and morale of assigned personnel and to coordinate religious ministries within the combatant commander?s area of responsibility. See also command chaplain; lay leader; religious support; religious support plan; religious support team. (JP 1-05)

A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant commands established by the President. Also called CCDR. See also combatant command; specified combatant command; unified combatant command. (JP 3-0)

The original date relative to C-day, specified by the combatant commander for arrival of forces or cargo at the destination; shown in the time-phased force and deployment data to assess the impact of later arrival. Also called CRD.

Final document produced in step 5 of the concept development phase of the deliberate planning process. The combatant commander?s strategic concept is used as the vehicle to distribute the combatant commander?s decision and planning guidance for accomplishing Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) taskings. CJCS approval of the strategic concept becomes the basis of the plan for development into an operation plan or operation plan in concept format. Also called CSC.

Actions, including antiterrorism (defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts) and counterterrorism (offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism), taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum. Also called CbT. See also antiterrorism; counterterrorism. (JP 3-07.2)

(*) A mine designed to actuate only when two or more different influences are received either simultaneously or in a predetermined order. Also called combined influence mine. See also mine.

Items for which requirement computations are based on the criteria used for both level of effort-oriented and mission-oriented items.

Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies. (When all allies or services are not involved, the participating nations and services shall be identified, e.g., combined navies.) See also joint.

(*) An instrument which displays both indicated airspeed and mach number.

The full integration and application of two or more arms or elements of one Military Service into an operation. (JP 3-18)

A military force composed of elements of two or more allied nations. See also force(s).

See combination influence mine.

A task force composed of special operations units from one or more foreign countries and more than one US Military Department formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. The combined joint special operations task force may have conventional nonspecial operations units assigned or attached to support the conduct of specific missions. Also called CJSOTF. See also joint special operations task force; special operations; task force. (JP 3-05)

(*) An operation conducted by forces of two or more Allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a single mission.

(*) A name generally assigned to the combination of flame holder or stabilizer, igniter, combustion chamber, and injection system of a ramjet or gas turbine.

1. The authority that a commander in the Armed Forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for health, welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel. 2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action. 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. Also called CMD. See also area command; combatant command; combatant command (command authority). (JP 0-2)

The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. (JP 0-2)

The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing, and controlling operations of assigned and attached forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0)

(*) A line along which a headquarters will move.

A facility from which a commander and his or her representatives direct operations and control forces. It is organized to gather, process, analyze, display, and disseminate planning and operational data and perform other related tasks. Also called CC.

See chain of command.

The senior chaplain assigned to or designated by a commander of a staff, command, or unit. See also combatant command chaplain; lay leader; religious support; religious support plan. (JP 1-05)

(*) Stocks which are placed at the disposal of a designated NATO commander in order to provide him with a flexibility with which to influence the battle logistically. ?Placed at the disposal of? implies responsibility for storage, maintenance, accounting, rotation or turnover, physical security, and subsequent transportation to a particular battle area.

(*) A signal used to operate intentionally the destruction signal in a missile.

(*) A mine detonated by remotely controlled means.

See ejection systems.

The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is the headquarters. The command element is composed of the commander, general or executive and special staff sections, headquarters section, and requisite communications support, intelligence, and reconnaissance forces necessary to accomplish the MAGTF mission. The command element provides command and control, intelligence, and other support essential for effective planning and execution of operations by the other elements of the MAGTF. The command element varies in size and composition. Also called CE. See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task force.

(*) A guidance system wherein intelligence transmitted to the missile from an outside source causes the missile to traverse a directed flight path.

Communication by a military organization with Service members, civilian employees, retirees, and family members of the organization that creates an awareness of the organization?s goals, informs them of significant developments affecting them and the organization, increases their effectiveness as ambassadors of the organization, and keeps them informed about what is going on in the organization. Also called internal information. See also command; information; public affairs. (JP 3-61)

(*) A communications network which connects an echelon of command with some or all of its subordinate echelons for the purpose of command and control.

(*) A unit?s or subunit?s headquarters where the commander and the staff perform their activities. In combat, a unit?s or subunit?s headquarters is often divided into echelons; the echelon in which the unit or subunit commander is located or from which such commander operates is called a command post. Also called CP.

An exercise in which the forces are simulated, involving the commander, the staff, and communications within and between headquarters. Also called CPX. See also exercise; maneuver.

The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well as the operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command; defined further as combatant command (command authority), operational control, tactical control, or support. See also chain of command; combatant command (command authority); command; operational control; support; tactical control. (JP 0-2)

See ejection systems.

A dependent entitled to travel to overseas commands at Government expense and endorsed by the appropriate military commander to be present in a dependent?s status.

The Navy officer designated in the order initiating the amphibious operation as the commander of the amphibious task force. Also called CATF. See also amphibious operation; amphibious task force; commander, landing force. (JP 3-02)

The officer designated in the order initiating the amphibious operation as the commander of the landing force for an amphibious operation. Also called CLF. See also amphibious operation; commander, amphibious task force; landing force. (JP 3-02)

See concept of operations.

An information requirement identified by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision-making. The two key elements are friendly force information requirements and priority intelligence requirements. Also called CCIR. See also information; information requirements; intelligence; priority intelligence requirement. (JP 3-0)

A process of reasoning by which a commander considers all the circumstances affecting the military situation and arrives at a decision as to a course of action to be taken to accomplish the mission. A commander?s estimate, which considers a military situation so far in the future as to require major assumptions, is called a commander?s long-range estimate of the situation (JP 3-0)

A concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired end state. It may also include the commander?s assessment of the adversary commander?s intent and an assessment of where and how much risk is acceptable during the operation. See also assessment; end state. (JP 3-0)

On a ship that has embarked units, a designated officer (usually the senior embarking unit commander) who is responsible for the administration, discipline, and training of all embarked units. Also called COT. (JP 3-02.2)

Articles of supply readily available from established commercial distribution sources which the Department of Defense or inventory managers in the Military Services have designated to be obtained directly or indirectly from such sources.

See administrative loading.

A vehicle that has evolved in the commercial market to meet civilian requirements and which is selected from existing production lines for military use.

1. To put in or make ready for service or use, as to commission an aircraft or a ship. 2. A written order giving a person rank and authority as an officer in the armed forces. 3. The rank and the authority given by such an order. See also constitute.

The process of committing one or more air interceptors or surface-to-air missiles for interception against a target track.

(*) A method of loading in which various types of cargoes are loaded together, such as ammunition, rations, or boxed vehicles, in order that each commodity can be discharged without disturbing the others. See also combat loading; loading.

An individual within the organization of an inventory control point or other such organization assigned management responsibility for homogeneous grouping of materiel items.

Horizontal and vertical map or chart location of points in the target area and position area, tied in with the horizontal and vertical control in use by two or more units. May be established by firing, survey, or combination of both, or by assumption. See also control point; ground control.

(*) Infrastructure essential to the training of NATO forces or to the implementation of NATO operational plans which, owing to its degree of common use or interest and its compliance with criteria laid down from time to time by the North Atlantic Council, is commonly financed by NATO members. See also infrastructure.

1. Any item of materiel that is required for use by more than one activity. 2. Sometimes loosely used to denote any consumable item except repair parts or other technical items. 3. Any item of materiel that is procured for, owned by (Service stock), or used by any Military Department of the Department of Defense and is also required to be furnished to a recipient country under the grant-aid Military Assistance Program. 4. Readily available commercial items. 5. Items used by two or more Military Services of similar manufacture or fabrication that may vary between the Services as to color or shape (as vehicles or clothing). 6. Any part or component that is required in the assembly of two or more complete end-items.

Automation services that support the development of the common reusable software modules that enable interoperability across multiple combat support applications. This includes segmentation of common software modules from existing applications, integration of commercial products, development of a common architecture, and development of common tools for application developers. Also called COE. (JP 4-01)

A single identical display of relevant information shared by more than one command. A common operational picture facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness. Also called COP. (JP 3-0)

That function performed by one Military Service in support of another Military Service for which reimbursement is not required from the Service receiving support. See also servicing.

Those supplies common to two or more Services.

Services, materiel, or facilities provided by a Department of Defense agency or a Military Department on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies, elements, or other organizations as directed.

Systems, subsystems, devices, components, and materials, already developed or under development, that could be used to reduce the cost of new systems acquisition and support by reducing duplication of research and development effort and by limiting the addition of support base.

Any Department of Defense-owned, -leased, or -controlled 20- or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container managed by US Transportation Command as an element of the Department of Defense common-use container system. See also component- owned container; Service-unique container. (JP 4-01.7)

The airlift service provided on a common basis for all Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the US Government.

An item of an interchangeable nature which is in common use by two or more nations or Services of a nation. (JP 4-07)

Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two or more Services, Department of Defense (DOD) agencies, or multinational partners to another Service, DOD agency, non-DOD agency, and/or multinational partner in an operation. Common-user logistics is usually restricted to a particular type of supply and/or service and may be further restricted to specific unit(s) or types of units, specific times, missions, and/or geographic areas. Also called CUL. See also common use. (JP 4-07)

Point-to-point land transportation service operated by a single Service for common use by two or more Services.

A system of circuits or channels allocated to furnish communication paths between switching centers to provide communication service on a common basis to all connected stations or subscribers. It is sometimes described as a general purpose network.

A military installation, part of a military installation, or a commercial facility operated under contract or arrangement by the Surface Deployment and Distribution Command which regularly provides for two or more Services terminal functions of receipt, transit storage or staging, processing, and loading and unloading of passengers or cargo aboard ships. (JP 4-01.2)

The sealift services provided on a common basis for all Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the US Government. The Military Sealift Command, a transportation component command of the US Transportation Command, provides common-user sealift for which users reimburse the transportation accounts of the Transportation Working Capital Fund. See also Military Sealift Command; transportation component command. (JP 3-35)

Transportation and transportation services provided on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, non-Department of Defense agencies. Common-user assets are under the combatant command (command authority) of Commander, United States Transportation Command, excluding Service-organic or theater-assigned transportation assets. See also common use. (JP 4-01.2)

A quality that applies to materiel or systems: a. possessing like and interchangeable characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained, by personnel trained on the others without additional specialized training; b. having interchangeable repair parts and/or components; and c. applying to consumable items interchangeably equivalent without adjustment.

To use any means or method to convey information of any kind from one person or place to another. (JP 6-0)

Use of devices, operations, and techniques with the intent of confusing or misleading the user of a communications link or a navigation system.

See signal operation instructions.

(*) An agency charged with the responsibility for handling and controlling communications traffic. The center normally includes message center, transmitting, and receiving facilities. Also called COMCEN. See also telecommunications center.

Technical information and intelligence derived from foreign communications by other than the intended recipients. Also called COMINT.

The aggregate of technical information and intelligence derived from the interception and analysis of foreign communications (excluding press, propaganda, and public broadcast) used in the direction and redirection of communications intelligence intercept, analysis, and reporting activities.

An electronic indicator used for directing attention to a particular object or position of mutual interest within or between command and control systems.

(*) An organization of stations capable of direct communications on a common channel or frequency.

An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, but not necessarily on the same channel.

(*) An orbiting vehicle, which relays signals between communications stations. There are two types: a. active communications satellite? A satellite that receives, regenerates, and retransmits signals between stations; b. passive communications satellite ? A satellite which reflects communications signals between stations. Also called COMSAT.

The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications, or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. (JP 6-0)

Equipment designed to provide security to telecommunications by converting information to a form unintelligible to an unauthorized interceptor and by reconverting such information to its original form for authorized recipients, as well as equipment designed specifically to aid in (or as an essential element of) the conversion process. Communications security equipment is cryptoequipment, cryptoancillary equipment, cryptoproduction equipment, and authentication equipment.

All documents, devices, equipment, or apparatus, including cryptomaterial, used in establishing or maintaining secure communications.

The act of listening to, copying, or recording transmissions of one?s own circuits (or when specially agreed, e.g., in allied exercises, those of friendly forces) to provide material for communications security analysis in order to determine the degree of security being provided to those transmissions. In particular, the purposes include providing a basis for advising commanders on the security risks resulting from their transmissions, improving the security of communications, and planning and conducting manipulative communications deception operations.

Communications networks and information services that enable joint and multinational warfighting capabilities. See also command and control. (JP 6-0)

Terminus of a communications circuit at which data can be either entered or received; located with the originator or ultimate addressee. Also called CT.

Rear part of a theater of war or theater of operations (behind but contiguous to the combat zone) which contains the lines of communications, establishments for supply and evacuation, and other agencies required for the immediate support and maintenance of the field forces. Also called COMMZ. See also combat zone; line of communications; rear area; theater of operations; theater of war. (JP 4-0)

1. The relationship between military and civilian communities. 2. Those public affairs programs that address issues of interest to the general public, business, academia, veterans, Service organizations, military-related associations, and other non-news media entities. These programs are usually associated with the interaction between US military installations and their surrounding or nearby civilian communities. Interaction with overseas non-news media civilians in an operational area is handled by civil-military operations with public affairs support as required. See also public affairs. (JP 3-61)

That command function that evaluates public attitudes, identifies the mission of a military organization with the public interest, and executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance.

(*) Coverage of the same area or object taken at different times, to show any changes in details. See also cover.

1. Establishment and management of an organization so that information about the personnel, internal organization, or activities of one component is made available to any other component only to the extent required for the performance of assigned duties. 2. Effects of relief and drainage upon avenues of approach so as to produce areas bounded on at least two sides by terrain features such as woods, ridges, or ravines that limit observation or observed fire into the area from points outside the area. (JP 3-05.1)

(*) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium.

A counterintelligence investigation in which sabotage, espionage, treason, sedition, subversive activity, or disaffection is suspected.

A term applied to an assemblage of explosive and nonexplosive components designed to perform a specific function at the time and under the conditions desired. Examples of complete rounds of ammunition are: a. separate loading, consisting of a primer, propelling charge and, except for blank ammunition, a projectile and a fuze; b. fixed or semifixed, consisting of a primer, propelling charge, cartridge case, a projectile and, except when solid projectiles are used, a fuze; c. bomb, consisting of all component parts required to drop and function the bomb once; d. missile, consisting of a complete warhead section and a missile body with its associated components and propellants; and e. rocket, consisting of all components necessary to function.

Large-scale peace operations (or elements thereof) conducted by a combination of military forces and nonmilitary organizations that involve one or more of the elements of peace operations that include one or more elements of other types of operations such as foreign humanitarian assistance, nation assistance, support to insurgency, or support to counterinsurgency. Also called CCOs. See also operation; peace operations. (JP 3-08)

1. One of the subordinate organizations that constitute a joint force. Normally a joint force is organized with a combination of Service and functional components. 2. In logistics, a part or combination of parts having a specific function, which can be installed or replaced only as an entity. Also called COMP. See also functional component command; Service component command. (JP 0-2)

An assembly or any combination of parts, subassemblies, and assemblies mounted together in manufacture, assembly, maintenance, or rebuild.

The designated search and rescue representative of a component commander of a joint force who is responsible for coordinating and controlling that component?s search and rescue forces. See also combat search and rescue; combat search and rescue mission coordinator; search and rescue; search and rescue mission coordinator. (JP 3-50.2)

A 20- or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container procured and owned by a single Department of Defense component. May be either on an individual unit property book or contained within a component pool (e.g., Marine Corps maritime pre-positioning force containers). May be temporarily assigned to the Department of Defense common-use container system. Also called Service-unique container. See also common-use container. (JP 4-01.7)

Air photographs made with a camera having one principal lens and two or more surrounding and oblique lenses. The several resulting photographs are corrected or transformed in printing to permit assembly as verticals with the same scale.

The officer in tactical command is normally the composite warfare commander. However the composite warfare commander concept allows an officer in tactical command to delegate tactical command to the composite warfare commander. The composite warfare commander wages combat operations to counter threats to the force and to maintain tactical sea control with assets assigned; while the officer in tactical command retains close control of power projection and strategic sea control operations. (JP 3-02)

An Air Force wing that operates more than one type of weapon system. Some composite wings are built from the ground up and designed to put all resources required to meet a specific warfighting objective in a single wing under one commander at one location. Other composite wings need not be built from the ground up but combine different weapon systems operating at the same base into a single wing.

See hyperbaric chamber.

The known or suspected exposure of clandestine personnel, installations, or other assets or of classified information or material, to an unauthorized person.

(*) A term applied to classified matter, knowledge of which has, in whole or in part, passed to an unauthorized person or persons, or which has been subject to risk of such passing. See also classified matter.

(*) A computed air position where the first paratroop or cargo item is released to land on a specified impact point.

An incident of unauthorized access to data or an automated information system.

The process of identifying that a computer intrusion has been attempted, is occurring, or has occurred.

See configuration management; independent review; validation; verification.

Actions taken through the use of computer networks to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information resident in computers and computer networks, or the computers and networks themselves. Also called CNA. See also computer network defense; computer network exploitation; computer network operations. (JP 3-13)

Actions taken through the use of computer networks to protect, monitor, analyze, detect and respond to unauthorized activity within Department of Defense information systems and computer networks. Also called CND. See also computer network attack; computer network exploitation; computer network operations. (JP 6-0)

Enabling operations and intelligence collection capabilities conducted through the use of computer networks to gather data from target or adversary automated information systems or networks. Also called CNE. See also computer network attack; computer network defense; computer network operations. (JP 3-13)

Comprised of computer network attack, computer network defense, and related computer network exploitation enabling operations. Also called CNO. See also computer network attack; computer network defense; computer network exploitation. (JP 3-13)

The protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized access and exploitation of friendly computer systems. Also called COMPUSEC. See also communications security. (JP 6-0)

See configuration management; independent review; validation; verification.

(*) The protection from observation or surveillance. See also camouflage; cover; screen.

(*) 1. An area, usually in the theater of operations, where troops are assembled before beginning active operations. 2. A limited area on which a volume of gunfire is placed within a limited time.

A verbal or graphic statement, in broad outline, of an intelligence directorate?s assumptions or intent in regard to intelligence support of an operation or series of operations. The concept of intelligence operations, which complements the commander?s concept of operations, is contained in the intelligence annex of operation plans. The concept of intelligence operations is designed to give an overall picture of intelligence support for joint operations. It is included primarily for additional clarity of purpose. See also concept of operations. (JP 2-01)

A verbal or graphic statement, in a broad outline, of how a commander intends to support and integrate with a concept of operations in an operation or campaign. (JP 4-0)

A verbal or graphic statement, in broad outline, of a commander?s assumptions or intent in regard to an operation or series of operations. The concept of operations frequently is embodied in campaign plans and operation plans; in the latter case, particularly when the plans cover a series of connected operations to be carried out simultaneously or in succession. The concept is designed to give an overall picture of the operation. It is included primarily for additional clarity of purpose. Also called commander?s concept or CONOPS.

An operation plan in concept format. Also called CONPLAN. See also operation plan.

A mist or fog of minute water droplets that temporarily surrounds the fireball following a nuclear (or atomic) detonation in a comparatively humid atmosphere. The expansion of the air in the negative phase of the blast wave from the explosion results in a lowering of the temperature, so that condensation of water vapor present in the air occurs and a cloud forms. The cloud is soon dispelled when the pressure returns to normal and the air warms up again. The phenomenon is similar to that used by physicists in the Wilson cloud chamber and is sometimes called the cloud chamber effect.

A visible cloud streak, usually brilliantly white in color, which trails behind a missile or other vehicle in flight under certain conditions. Also called CONTRAIL.

Those variables of an operational environment or situation in which a unit, system, or individual is expected to operate and may affect performance. See also joint mission-essential tasks.

See exercise directing staff.

A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: (1) identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item; (2) control changes to those characteristics; and (3) record and report changes to processing and implementation status.

An information item is said to be confirmed when it is reported for the second time, preferably by another independent source whose reliability is considered when confirming information.

An armed struggle or clash between organized groups within a nation or between nations in order to achieve limited political or military objectives. Although regular forces are often involved, irregular forces frequently predominate. Conflict often is protracted, confined to a restricted geographic area, and constrained in weaponry and level of violence. Within this state, military power in response to threats may be exercised in an indirect manner while supportive of other instruments of national power. Limited objectives may be achieved by the short, focused, and direct application of force. (JP 3-0)

An individual who is dispatched by the sponsor for the primary purpose of confounding the intelligence or counterintelligence apparatus of another country rather than for the purpose of collecting and transmitting information.

(*) A reflector of electromagnetic radiations used to create echoes for confusion purposes. Radar confusion reflectors include such devices as chaff, rope, and corner reflectors.

(*) A route connecting axial and/or lateral routes. See also route.

The ability to exchange information by electronic means. (JP 3-18)

A contract by which a commercial ship is chartered by the Military Sealift Command for a series of specified voyages. (JP 3-02.2) consequence management ?Actions taken to maintain or restore essential services and manage and mitigate problems resulting from disasters and catastrophes, including natural, manmade, or terrorist incidents. Also called CM. (JP 3-26)

(*) A grouping of controls, indicators, and similar electronic or mechanical equipment, used to monitor readiness of, and/or control specific functions of, a system, such as missile checkout, countdown, or launch operations.

A summary of all vehicles loaded on a ship, listed by types and showing the units to which they belong.

The combining or merging of elements to perform a common or related function.

(*) Organizing and strengthening a newly captured position so that it can be used against the enemy.

A number of like satellites that are part of a system. Satellites in a constellation generally have a similar orbit. For example, the Global Positioning System constellation consists of 24 satellites distributed in six orbital planes with similar eccentricities, altitudes, and inclinations. See also global positioning system. (JP 3-14)

To provide the legal authority for the existence of a new unit of the Armed Services. The new unit is designated and listed, but it has no specific existence until it is activated. See also commission.

Doctrine of constructive presence allows a coastal State to exercise jurisdiction over a foreign flag vessel that remains seaward of coastal State waters but acts in concert with another vessel (contact vessel) or aircraft that violates coastal State laws in waters over which the coastal State may exercise jurisdiction. In order to exercise jurisdiction over a ?mothership? located seaward of coastal State waters, the contact vessel must be physically present in coastal State waters or be subject to coastal State jurisdiction under the doctrine of hot pursuit. Once pursuit of the mothership has legitimately commenced, it may proceed until it ceases to be continuous or until the mothership enters foreign territorial waters. Cases potentially involving the doctrine of constructive presence can be complex and should be quickly referred to higher authority.

See expendable supplies and materiel.

Person or agency that uses information or intelligence produced by either its own staff or other agencies.

That part of logistics concerning reception of the initial product, storage, inspection, distribution, transport, maintenance (including repair and serviceability), and disposal of materiel as well as the provision of support and services. In consequence, consumer logistics includes materiel requirements determination, follow-on support, stock control, provision or construction of facilities (excluding any materiel element and those facilities needed to support production logistic activities), movement control, codification, reliability and defect reporting, storage, transport and handling safety standards, and related training.

(*) The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a given time interval, expressed in quantities by the most appropriate unit of measurement per applicable stated basis.

1. In air intercept, a term meaning, ?Unit has an unevaluated target.? 2. In health services, an unevaluated individual who is known to have been sufficiently near an infected individual to have been exposed to the transfer of infectious material.

A fuzing arrangement that prevents an unwanted surface burst in the event of failure of the air burst fuze.

(*) A mine detonated by physical contact. See also mine.

(*) 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or more units are required to make contact. 2. In air operations, the position at which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency. 3. (DOD only) In evasion and recovery operations, a location where an evader can establish contact with friendly forces. Also called CP. See also checkpoint; control point; coordinating point. (JP 3-50.3)

(*) A print made from a negative or a diapositive in direct contact with sensitized material.

Those predesignated actions taken by evaders and recovery forces that permit link-up between the two parties in hostile territory and facilitate the return of evaders to friendly control. See also evader; hostile; recovery force. (JP 3-50.3)

Locating isolated units out of contact with the main force.

(*) A report indicating any detection of the enemy.

To stop, hold, or surround the forces of the enemy or to cause the enemy to center activity on a given front and to prevent the withdrawal of any part of the enemy?s forces for use elsewhere.

An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards Institute/ International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to be transported by various modes of transportation. These containers are also designed to facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation without intermediate handling of the contents and equipped with features permitting ready handling and transfer from one mode to another. Containers may be fully enclosed with one or more doors, open top, refrigerated, tank, open rack, gondola, flatrack, and other designs. See also containerization. (JP 4-01)

(*) A sheltered anchorage (not a port) with the appropriate facilities for the transshipment of containerized cargo from containerships to other vessels.

A designated official (E6 or above or civilian equivalent) within a command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and controlled intermodal containers and equipment. This officer has custodial responsibility for containers from time received until dispatched. (JP 4-01.7)

Items of materials-handling equipment required to specifically receive, maneuver, and dispatch International Organization for Standardization containers. Also called CHE. See also materials handling equipment. (JP 4-01.7)

The use of containers to unitize cargo for transportation, supply, and storage. Containerization incorporates supply, transportation, packaging, storage, and security together with visibility of container and its contents into a distribution system from source to user. See also container. (JP 4-01)

A ship specially constructed and equipped to carry only containers without associated equipment, in all available cargo spaces, either below or above deck. Containerships are usually non-self-sustaining, do not have built-in capability to load or off-load containers, and require port crane service. A containership with shipboard-installed cranes capable of loading and off-loading containers without assistance of port crane service is considered self-sustaining. See also non-self-sustaining containership; self-sustaining containership. (JP 4-01.7)

Serves as the bottom-most temporary deck and precludes the necessity of strengthening of tank tops or the installation of hard points on decks, thereby accelerating containership readiness. (JP 4-01.6)

See contamination. (JP 3-11)

Remains of personnel which have absorbed or upon which have been deposited radioactive material, or biological or chemical agents. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06)

(*) 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. See also fallout; induced radiation; residual radiation. 2. (DOD only) Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing material (to include the food substance itself), or waste in the food or water.

Procedures to avoid, reduce, remove, or render harmless (temporarily or permanently) nuclear, biological, and chemical contamination for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing the efficient conduct of military operations. See also biological agent; biological ammunition; biological defense; biological environment; biological threat; chemical agent; chemical ammunition; chemical, biological, and radiological operation; chemical defense; chemical environment; contamination. (JP 3-11)

1. A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles (nms) from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Within the contiguous zone the coastal state may exercise the control necessary to prevent and punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea. In all other respects the contiguous zone is an area subject to high seas freedom of navigation, overflight, and related freedoms, such as the conduct of military exercises. 2. The zone of the ocean extending 3-12 nms from the US coastline.

United States territory, including the adjacent territorial waters, located within North America between Canada and Mexico. Also called CONUS.

The processing centers at selected Army installations through which individual personnel will be processed to ensure that soldier readiness processing actions have been completed prior to reporting to the aerial port of embarkation for deployment to a theater of operations. See also continental United States; deployment. (JP 1-0)

An emergency involving military forces caused by natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or by required military operations. Due to the uncertainty of the situation, contingencies require plans, rapid response, and special procedures to ensure the safety and readiness of personnel, installations, and equipment. See also contingency contracting.

Contracting performed in support of a peacetime contingency in an overseas location pursuant to the policies and procedures of the Federal Acquisition Regulatory System. See also contingency.

US citizens, US legal aliens, third country national personnel, host nation personnel, and subcontractors employed under Department of Defense funded and administered contracts and subcontracts who provide support to US military forces in contingency operations and other military options or exercises designated by the combatant commander. (JP 3-10)

An organization that may be formed by the combatant commander, or subordinate joint force commander to augment the combatant command, or subordinate joint force staffs to provide additional Service engineering expertise to support both deliberate and crisis action planning and to provide construction management in contingency and wartime operations. The combatant commander may form a theater contingency engineering management cell, and similar organizations may be formed at subordinate levels of command (e.g., regional contingency engineering management cell and/or joint task force contingency engineering management cell). These organizations should be staffed with expertise in combat engineering, general engineering, and topographic engineering. See also combat engineering; contingency; crisis action planning; topographic engineering. (JP 3-34)

A military operation that is either designated by the Secretary of Defense as a contingency operation or becomes a contingency operation as a matter of law (title 10, United States Code (USC), section 101 (a)(13). It is a military operation that: a. is designated by the Secretary of Defense as an operation in which members of the Armed Forces are or may become involved in military actions, operations, or hostilities against an enemy of the United States or against an opposing force; or b. is created by operation of law. Under 10 USC 101 (a)(13)(B), a contingency operations exists if a military operation results in the (1) call-up to (or retention on) active duty of members of the uniformed Services under certain enumerated statues (10 USC 688, 12301(a), 12302, 12304, 12305, 12406, or 331- 335); and (2) the call-up to (or retention on) active duty of members of the uniformed Services under other (non-enumerated) statutes during war or national emergency declared by the President or Congress. See also contingency; operation. (JP 4-05)

A plan for major contingencies that can reasonably be anticipated in the principal geographic subareas of the command. See also joint operation planning.

A joint Defense Intelligence Agency and unified and specified command program for the production and maintenance of current target documentation of all countries of contingency planning interest to US military planners.

The Contingency Planning Guidance (CPG) fulfills the statutory duty of the Secretary of Defense to furnish written policy guidance annually to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for contingency planning. The Secretary issues this guidance with the approval of the President after consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The CPG focuses the guidance given in the National Security Strategy and Defense Planning Guidance, and is the principal source document for the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. Also called CPG.

Fast reaction transportation procedures intended to provide for priority use of land transportation assets by Department of Defense when required. Also called CORE. (JP 4-01)

That portion of the quantity of an item excess to the approved force retention level for which there is no predictable demand or quantifiable requirement, and which normally would be allocated as potential DOD excess stock, except for a determination that the quantity will be retained for possible contingencies for United States forces. (Category C ships, aircraft, and other items being retained as contingency reserve are included in this stratum.)

A ZIP Code assigned by Military Postal Service Agency to a contingency post office for the tactical use of the Armed Forces on a temporary basis. The number consists of a five-digit base with a four-digit add-on to assist in routing and sorting. (JP 1-0)

The effects, both desirable and undesirable, that are in addition to the primary effects associated with a nuclear detonation.

The degree or state of being continuous in the exercise of the authority vested in an individual of the Armed Forces for the direction, coordination, and control of military forces.

The degree or state of being continuous in the conduct of functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission in carrying out the national military strategy. It includes the functions and duties of the commander, as well as the supporting functions and duties performed by the staff and others acting under the authority and direction of the commander. Also called COOP.

(*) 1. Fire conducted at a normal rate without interruption for application of adjustment corrections or for other causes. 2. In field artillery and naval gunfire support, loading and firing at a specified rate or as rapidly as possible consistent with accuracy within the prescribed rate of fire for the weapon. Firing will continue until terminated by the command ?end of mission? or temporarily suspended by the command ?cease loading? or ?check firing.?

(*) A type of fire in which illuminating projectiles are fired at specified time intervals to provide uninterrupted lighting on the target or specified area.

(*) A camera in which the film moves continuously past a slit in the focal plane, producing a photograph in one unbroken length by virtue of the continuous forward motion of the aircraft.

(*) Imagery of a strip of terrain in which the image remains unbroken throughout its length, along the line of flight.

See terrain flight.

(*) Difference in elevation between two adjacent contour lines.

(*) A line on a map or chart connecting points of equal elevation.

The maintenance of materiel performed under contract by commercial organizations (including prime contractors) on a one-time or continuing basis, without distinction as to the level of maintenance accomplished.

Defense procurement: the cessation or cancellation, in whole or in part, of work under a prime contract or a subcontract thereunder for the convenience of, or at the option of, the government, or due to failure of the contractor to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract (default).

Support in which maintenance operations for a particular military system are performed exclusively by contract support personnel. Also called CLS. See also logistic support; support. (JP 4-07)

A US military officer or civilian employee who has a valid appointment as a contracting officer under the provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation. The individual has the authority to enter into and administer contracts and determinations as well as findings about such contracts. (JP 1-06)

A subcategory of contingency contractor personnel. Contractors deploying with the force includes all system support contractors and external support contractors and subcontractor employees who are specifically authorized to provide support to US military forces in contingency operations and other military options or exercises designated by the combatant commander. Contractors deploying with the force includes forward-deployed system support contractors and external support contractors designated to remain in place and who are in theater when a contingency is declared. Also called CDF. (JP 3-10)

1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. 2. In mapping, charting, and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the Earth or on a map or a photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or will be determined. 3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as directed. 4. An indicator governing the distribution and use of documents, information, or material. Such indicators are the subject of intelligence community agreement and are specifically defined in appropriate regulations. See also administrative control; operational control; tactical control.

See control, Parts 3 and 4.

(*) A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the Earth. See also airway; controlled airspace; control zone; terminal control area.

Personnel, ships, and craft designated to control the waterborne ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02)

A national operation plan to minimize the use of electromagnetic radiation in the United States and its possessions and the Panama Canal Zone in the event of attack or imminent threat thereof, as an aid to the navigation of hostile aircraft, guided missiles, or other devices. See also emission control orders.

(*) 1. A position along a route of march at which men are stationed to give information and instructions for the regulation of supply or traffic. 2. A position marked by a buoy, boat, aircraft, electronic device, conspicuous terrain feature, or other identifiable object which is given a name or number and used as an aid to navigation or control of ships, boats, or aircraft. 3. In marking mosaics, a point located by ground survey with which a corresponding point on a photograph is matched as a check.

(*) A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit. See also airway; control area; controlled airspace; terminal control area.

(*) A mine which after laying can be controlled by the user, to the extent of making the mine safe or live, or to fire the mine. See also mine.

(*) An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to controlled flights.

(*) Cargo which is regarded as highly dangerous and which may only be carried by cargo aircraft operating within specific safety regulations.

Nuclear weapons designed to achieve variation in the intensity of specific effects other than normal blast effect.

(*) An exercise characterized by the imposition of constraints on some or all of the participating units by planning authorities with the principal intention of provoking types of interaction. See also free play exercise.

An area in which ordnance firing is conducted under controlled conditions so as to eliminate hazard to aircraft in flight. See also restricted area.

Military or paramilitary forces under effective and sustained political and military direction.

1. Information conveyed to an adversary in a deception operation to evoke desired appreciations. 2. Information and indicators deliberately conveyed or denied to foreign targets to evoke invalid official estimates that result in foreign official actions advantageous to US interests and objectives.

See regulated item.

A map with precise horizontal and vertical ground control as a basis. Scale, azimuth, and elevation are accurate. See also map.

(*) A mosaic corrected for scale, rectified and laid to ground control to provide an accurate representation of distances and direction. See also mosaic; rectification.

(*) A traffic movement procedure whereby two lines of traffic travelling in opposite directions are enabled to traverse alternately a point or section of route which can take only one line of traffic at a time.

(*) A harbor or anchorage at which entry and departure, assignment of berths, and traffic within the harbor or anchorage are controlled by military authorities.

Not to be used. See controlled response.

The selection from a wide variety of feasible options one of which will provide the specific military response most advantageous in the circumstances.

(*) A route, the use of which is subject to traffic or movement restrictions which may be supervised. See also route.

Shipping that is controlled by the Military Sealift Command. Included in this category are Military Sealift Command ships (United States Naval Ships), government-owned ships operated under a general agency agreement, and commercial ships under charter to the Military Sealift Command. See also Military Sealift Command; United States Naval Ship. (JP 3-02.2)

A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of the Controlled Substances Act. (JP 3-07.4)

Not to be used. See limited war.

1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons. 2. Those forces other than designated special operations forces. (JP 3-05)

Land mines, other than nuclear or chemical, that are not designed to self-destruct. They are designed to be emplaced by hand or mechanical means. Conventional mines can be buried or surface laid and are normally emplaced in a pattern to aid in recording. See also mine. (JP 3-15)

Evader recovery operations conducted by conventional forces. See also conventional forces; evader; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50.3)

(*) A weapon which is neither nuclear, biological, nor chemical.

A request or command used in a call for fire to indicate that the observer or spotter desires a sheaf in which the planes of fire intersect at a point.

The lateral distribution of fire of two or more pieces so that the planes of fire intersect at a given point. See also parallel sheaf.

See convergence factor; grid convergence; grid convergence factor; map convergence; true convergence.

(*) The ratio of the angle between any two meridians on the chart to their actual change of longitude. See also convergence.

That region in the deep ocean where sound rays, refractured from the depths, return to the surface.

(*) The angle between a great circle (orthodromic) bearing and a rhumb line (loxodromic) bearing of a point, measured at a common origin.

(*) A scale indicating the relationship between two different units of measurement. See also scale.

1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually escorted by warships and/or aircraft ? or a single merchant ship or naval auxiliary under surface escort ? assembled and organized for the purpose of passage together. 2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander. See also coastal convoy; evacuation convoy; ocean convoy.

A naval officer, or master of one of the ships in a convoy, designated to command the convoy, subject to the orders of the officer in tactical command. If no surface escort is present, the convoy commodore takes entire command.

(*) The position at sea where a convoy breaks up, each ship proceeding independently thereafter.

(*) 1. A naval ship(s) or aircraft in company with a convoy and responsible for its protection. 2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, destroyed, or captured. See also escort.

See joiner. See also joiner convoy; joiner section.

See leaver. See also leaver convoy; leaver section.

(*) The loading of troop units with their equipment and supplies in vessels of the same movement group, but not necessarily in the same vessel. See also loading.

(*) The specific route assigned to each convoy by the appropriate routing authority.

(*) Planned convoy sailings showing the shipping lanes, assembly and terminal areas, scheduled speed, and sailing interval.

(*) For ships, the speed which the convoy commodore orders the guide of the convoy to make good through the water.

(*) A geographical area, designated by the name of a port or anchorage on which it is centered, at which convoys or sections of convoys arrive and from which they will be dispersed to coastal convoy systems or as independents to their final destination.

(*) Those ships of the close escort which normally remain with the convoy from its port of assembly to its port of arrival.

(*) A combination of letters and numbers that gives the port of departure and arrival, speed, and serial number of each convoy.

The combining term for procedural arrangements (cooperative logistic arrangements) and implementing procedures (supplementary procedures) that together support, define, or implement cooperative logistic understandings between the United States and a friendly foreign government under peacetime conditions.

The logistic support provided a foreign government or agency through its participation in the US Department of Defense logistic system, with reimbursement to the United States for support provided.

A facility located outside the United States and US territories with little or no permanent US presence, maintained with periodic Service, contractor, or host-nation support. Cooperative security locations provide contingency access, logistic support, and rotational use by operating forces and are a focal point for security cooperation activities. Also called CSL. See also forward operating site; main operating base. (CJCS CM-0007-05)

(*) A plan for which a draft plan has been coordinated with the nations involved. It may be used for future planning and exercises and may be implemented during an emergency. See also draft plan; final plan; initial draft plan; operation plan.

The coordinated fire line (CFL) is a line beyond which conventional, direct, and indirect surface fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination. The purpose of the CFL is to expedite the surface-to-surface attack of targets beyond the CFL without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. Also called CFL. See also fire support. (JP 3-09)

The agency or Military Service assigned purchase responsibility for all Department of Defense requirements of a particular Federal Supply Group/class, commodity, or item.

An atomic time scale that is the basis for broadcast time signals. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) differs from International Atomic Time by an integral number of seconds; it is maintained within 0.9 seconds of UT1 (see Universal Time) by introduction of Leap Seconds. The rotational orientation of the Earth, specified by UT1, may be obtained to an accuracy of a tenth of a second by applying the UTC to the increment DUT1 (where DUT1 = UT1 - UTC) that is broadcast in code with the time signals. Also called UTC. See also International Atomic Time; Universal Time; ZULU Time.

(*) Linear or angular quantities which designate the position that a point occupies in a given reference frame or system. Also used as a general term to designate the particular kind of reference frame or system such as plane rectangular coordinates or spherical coordinates. See also geographic coordinates; georef; grid coordinates.

A procedural airspace control method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft will normally not fly and above which rotary-wing aircraft normally will not fly. The coordinating altitude is normally specified in the airspace control plan and may include a buffer zone for small altitude deviations. (JP 3-52)

A commander or individual assigned responsibility for coordinating specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more Military Departments, two or more joint force components, or two or more forces of the same Service. The commander or individual has the authority to require consultation between the agencies involved, but does not have the authority to compel agreement. In the event that essential agreement cannot be obtained, the matter shall be referred to the appointing authority. Coordinating authority is a consultation relationship, not an authority through which command may be exercised. Coordinating authority is more applicable to planning and similar activities than to operations. (JP 0-2)

(*) Designated point at which, in all types of combat, adjacent units/ formations must make contact for purposes of control and coordination.

An agency appointed by a Service or combatant command to coordinate with and assist the primary review authority in joint doctrine development and maintenance. Each Service or combatant command must assign a coordinating review authority. When authorized by the appointing Service or combatant command, coordinating review authority comments provided to designated primary review authorities will represent the position of the appointing Service or combatant command with regard to the publication under development. Also called CRA. See also joint doctrine; joint publication; lead agent; primary review authority. (CJCSI 5120.02)

1. With respect to exports, a cooperative manufacturing arrangement (e.g., US Government or company with foreign government or company) providing for the transfer of production information that enables an eligible foreign government, international organization, or commercial producer to manufacture, in whole or in part, an item of US defense equipment. Such an arrangement would include the functions of production engineering, controlling, quality assurance, and determination of resource requirements. This is normally accomplished under the provisions of a manufacturing license agreement per the US International Traffic in Arms Regulation and could involve the implementation of a government-to- government memorandum of understanding. 2. A cooperative manufacturing arrangement (US Government or company with foreign government or company) providing for the transfer of production information which enables the receiving government, international organization, or commercial producer to manufacture, in whole or in part, an item of defense equipment. The receiving party could be an eligible foreign government, international organization, or foreign producer; or the US Government or a US producer, depending on which direction the information is to flow. A typical coproduction arrangement would include the functions of production engineering, controlling, quality assurance, and determining of resource requirements. It may or may not include design engineering information and critical materials production and design information.

(*) A negative produced from an original not necessarily at the same scale.

(*) 1. A device, normally consisting of three metallic surfaces or screens perpendicular to one another, designed to act as a radar target or marker. 2. In radar interpretation, an object which, by means of multiple reflections from smooth surfaces, produces a radar return of greater magnitude than might be expected from the physical size of the object.

Provides corps logistic support and command and control of water supply battalions. (JP 4-01.6)

(*) Troops assigned or attached to a corps, but not a part of one of the divisions that make up the corps.

(*) The ratio of a ground dose rate reading to a reading taken at approximately the same time at survey height over the same point on the ground.

1. A contract that provides for payment to the contractor of allowable costs, to the extent prescribed in the contract, incurred in performance of the contract. 2. A cost-reimbursement type contract under which the contractor receives no fee.

A cost-reimbursement type contract under which the contractor receives no fee but is reimbursed only for an agreed portion of its allowable costs.

A cost-reimbursement type contract that provides for the payment of a fixed fee to the contractor. The fixed fee, once negotiated, does not vary with actual cost but may be adjusted as a result of any subsequent changes in the scope of work or services to be performed under the contract.

A mission that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of air superiority. Counterair missions are designed to destroy or negate enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. See also air superiority; mission; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01)

Attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force, for such specific purposes as regaining ground lost or cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with the general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy?s purpose in attacking. In sustained defensive operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. See also countermove; counteroffensive.

(*) Fire delivered for the purpose of destroying or neutralizing indirect fire weapon systems.

Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage from a foreign deception operation. Counterdeception does not include the intelligence function of identifying foreign deception operations. See also deception.

Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and counter the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. Also called CD. (JP 3-05)

Support provided to law enforcement agencies or host nations that includes loan or lease of equipment without operators, use of facilities (such as buildings, training areas, and ranges), training conducted in formal schools, transfer of excess equipment, or other support provided by the Services from forces not assigned or made available to the combatant commanders. See also counterdrug operational support; counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4)

Support to host nations and drug law enforcement agencies involving military personnel and their associated equipment, and provided by the geographic combatant commanders from forces assigned to them or made available to them by the Services for this purpose. Operational support does not include support in the form of equipment alone, nor the conduct of joint law enforcement investigations with cooperating civilian law enforcement agencies. See also counterdrug nonoperational support; counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4)

Civil or military actions taken to reduce or eliminate illicit drug trafficking. See also counterdrug; counterdrug nonoperational support; counterdrug operational support. (JP 3-07.4)

In counterdrug operations, offices under the office of the Department of Defense Coordinator for Drug Enforcement Policy and Support, responsible for processing, tracking, and coordinating all nonoperational support requests from drug law enforcement officials. Also called CDSO. See also counterdrug; counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4)

That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through identification, penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations conducting or suspected of conducting espionage activities.

(*) Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. (DOD only) Includes counterbattery, counterbombardment, and countermortar fire. See also fire.

The employment of strategic air and missile forces in an effort to destroy, or render impotent, selected military capabilities of an enemy force under any of the circumstances by which hostilities may be initiated.

(*) Operations and activities conducted by armed forces, paramilitary forces, or nonmilitary agencies against guerrillas.

Those military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a government to defeat insurgency. Also called COIN.

Information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons, or international terrorist activities. Also called CI. See also counterespionage; countersabotage; countersubversion; security; security intelligence. (JP 2-0)

One or more of the five functions of counterintelligence: operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and functional services. See also analysis and production; collection; counterintelligence; operation. (JP 2-01.2)

The systematic acquisition of information (through investigations, operations, or liaison) concerning espionage, sabotage, terrorism, other intelligence activities or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons that are directed against or threaten Department of Defense interests. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

An official, systematic search for facts to determine whether a person(s) is engaged in activities that may be injurious to US national security or advantageous to a foreign power. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

The levying of counterintelligence requirements specific to joint military activities and operations. Counterintelligence operational tasking authority is exercised through supporting components. Also called CIOTA. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

Proactive activities designed to identify, exploit, neutralize, or deter foreign intelligence collection and terrorist activities directed against the United States. See also counterintelligence; operation. (JP 2-01.2)

The process of analyzing all-source information concerning espionage or other multidiscipline intelligence collection threats, sabotage, terrorism, and other related threats to US military commanders, the Department of Defense, and the US Intelligence Community and developing it into a final product that is disseminated. Counterintelligence production is used in formulating security policy, plans, and operations. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

Conducting counterintelligence activities to protect against espionage and other foreign intelligence activities, sabotage, international terrorist activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

That form of military science that, by the employment of devices and/or techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity. See also electronic warfare.

(*) To explode the main charge in a mine by the shock of a nearby explosion of another mine or independent explosive charge. The explosion of the main charge may be caused either by sympathetic detonation or through the explosive train and/or firing mechanism of the mine.

(*) In land mine warfare, an operation to reduce or eliminate the effects of mines or minefields. See also countermine; countermining; mine warfare.

1. Land mine warfare ? Tactics and techniques used to detect, avoid, breach, and/or neutralize enemy mines and the use of available resources to deny the enemy the opportunity to employ mines. 2. Naval mine warfare ? The detonation of mines by nearby explosions, either accidental or deliberate.

The construction of obstacles and emplacement of minefields to delay, disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. The primary purpose of countermobility operations is to slow or divert the enemy, to increase time for target acquisition, and to increase weapons effectiveness. See also minefield; operation; target acquisition. (JP 3-34)

(*) An operation undertaken in reaction to or in anticipation of a move by the enemy. See also counterattack.

A large scale offensive undertaken by a defending force to seize the initiative from the attacking force. See also counterattack.

(*) Intensive prearranged fire delivered when the imminence of the enemy attack is discovered. (DOD only) It is designed to: break up enemy formations; disorganize the enemy?s systems of command, communications, and observation; decrease the effectiveness of artillery preparation; and impair the enemy?s offensive spirit. See also fire.

Those actions (e.g., detect and monitor, prepare to conduct counterproliferation operations, offensive operations, weapons of mass destruction, active defense, and passive defense) taken to defeat the threat and/or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United States, our military forces, friends, and allies. Also called CP. See also nonproliferation. (JP 3-40)

Those psychological operations activities that identify adversary propaganda, contribute to situational awareness, and serve to expose adversary attempts to influence friendly populations and military forces. (JP 3-53)

All measures taken to prevent hostile observation of a force, area, or place.

That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, or prevent sabotage activities through identification, penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations conducting or suspected of conducting sabotage activities.

(*) A secret challenge and its reply. See also challenge; password.

That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, or prevent subversive activities through the identification, exploitation, penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations conducting or suspected of conducting subversive activities.

All measures, active or passive, taken to counteract hostile surveillance. See also surveillance.

Operations that include the offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorism. Also called CT. See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-05)

(*) A small scale index, by country, depicting the existence of air photography for planning purposes only.

The senior, in-country, US coordinating and supervising body, headed by the chief of the US diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented US department or agency, as desired by the chief of the US diplomatic mission. (JP 3-07.4)

An offensive operation that capitalizes on surprise and simultaneous execution of supporting operations to achieve success in one swift stroke. (JP 3-0)

A messenger (usually a commissioned or warrant officer) responsible for the secure physical transmission and delivery of documents and material. Generally referred to as a command or local courier. See also armed forces courier.

(*) The intended direction of movement in the horizontal plane.

1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow. 2. A possible plan open to an individual or commander that would accomplish, or is related to the accomplishment of the mission. 3. The scheme adopted to accomplish a job or mission. 4. A line of conduct in an engagement. 5. A product of the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System concept development phase. Also called COA.

The phase of the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System within the crisis action planning process that provides for the development of military responses and includes, within the limits of the time allowed: establishing force and sustainment requirements with actual units; evaluating force, logistic, and transportation feasibility; identifying and resolving resource shortfalls; recommending resource allocations; and producing a course of action via a commander?s estimate that contains a concept of operations, employment concept, risk assessments, prioritized courses of action, and supporting databases. See also course of action; crisis action planning.

(*) 1. The action by land, air, or sea forces to protect by offense, defense, or threat of either or both. 2. Those measures necessary to give protection to a person, plan, operation, formation, or installation from the enemy intelligence effort and leakage of information. 3. The act of maintaining a continuous receiver watch with transmitter calibrated and available, but not necessarily available for immediate use. 4. Shelter or protection, either natural or artificial. 5. (DOD only) Photographs or other recorded images which show a particular area of ground. 6. (DOD only) A code meaning, ?Keep fighters between force/base and contact designated at distance stated from force/base? (e.g., ?cover bogey twenty-seven to thirty miles?).

Actions to conceal actual friendly intentions, capabilities, operations, and other activities by providing a plausible yet erroneous explanation of the observable.

(*) In air photographic reconnaissance, the process of selection of the most suitable existing cover for a specific requirement.

(*) 1. The ground area represented on imagery, photomaps, mosaics, maps, and other geographical presentation systems. 2. (DOD only) Cover or protection, as the coverage of troops by supporting fire. 3. (DOD only) The extent to which intelligence information is available in respect to any specified area of interest. 4. (DOD only) The summation of the geographical areas and volumes of aerospace under surveillance. See also comparative cover.

(*) 1. Fire used to protect troops when they are within range of enemy small arms. 2. In amphibious usage, fire delivered prior to the landing to cover preparatory operations such as underwater demolition or minesweeping. See also fire.

(*) 1. A force operating apart from the main force for the purpose of intercepting, engaging, delaying, disorganizing, and deceiving the enemy before the enemy can attack the force covered. 2. Any body or detachment of troops which provides security for a larger force by observation, reconnaissance, attack, or defense, or by any combination of these methods. See also force(s).

(*) The area forward of the forward edge of the battle area out to the forward positions initially assigned to the covering forces. It is here that the covering forces execute assigned tasks.

An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor. A covert operation differs from a clandestine operation in that emphasis is placed on concealment of identity of sponsor rather than on concealment of the operation. See also clandestine operation; overt operation. (JP 3-05.1)

A person in charge of a small craft (in the Army, a Class B or smaller craft) who often functions as the helmsman. For a causeway ferry, the pilot is in charge with the coxswain performing helmsman functions. See causeway. (JP 4-01.6)

(*) An automatic emergency radio locator beacon to help searching forces locate a crashed aircraft. See also emergency locator beacon; personal locator beacon.

See crash locator beacon.

Extraction of aircrew members from crashed or burning aircraft and the control and extinguishing of aircraft and structural fires. (JP 4-04)

The pit, depression, or cavity formed in the surface of the Earth by an explosion. It may range from saucer shaped to conical, depending largely on the depth of burst. In the case of a deep underground burst, no rupture of the surface may occur. The resulting cavity is termed a ?camouflet.?

The maximum depth of the crater measured from the deepest point of the pit to the original ground level.

The average radius of the crater measured at the level corresponding to the original surface of the ground.

(*) A charge placed at an adequate depth to produce a crater.

(*) A barrage in which the fire of all units participating remains in the same relative position throughout and which advances in steps of one line at a time.

(*) In naval mine warfare, a buoyant mine held below the surface by a weight, usually in the form of a chain, which is free to creep along the seabed under the influence of stream or current.

(*) A terrain feature of such altitude that it restricts fire or observation in an area beyond, resulting in dead space, or limiting the minimum elevation, or both.

A report that indicates that engagement of a target or observation of an area is not possible because of an obstacle or intervening crest.

An incident or situation involving a threat to a nation, its territories, citizens, military forces, possessions, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, political, or military importance that commitment of military forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives. (JP 3-0)

1. The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System process involving the time-sensitive development of joint operation plans and orders in response to an imminent crisis. Crisis action planning follows prescribed crisis action procedures to formulate and implement an effective response within the time frame permitted by the crisis. 2. The time-sensitive planning for the deployment, employment, and sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and resources that occurs in response to a situation that may result in actual military operations. Crisis action planners base their plan on the circumstances that exist at the time planning occurs. Also called CAP. See also Joint Operation Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0)

Measures to identify, acquire, and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolve a threat or an act of terrorism. It is predominantly a law enforcement response, normally executed under federal law. Also called CrM. (JP 3-26)

See critical intelligence.

A specific entity that is of such extraordinary importance that its incapacitation or destruction would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability of a nation to continue to function effectively. (JP 3-26)

A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to function as such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed objective(s). (JP 3-0)

Specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities vitally needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee failure or unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment.

Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate the risks resulting from vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure assets. Depending on the risk, these actions could include: changes in tactics, techniques, or procedures; adding redundancy; selection of another asset; isolation or hardening; guarding, etc. Also called CIP. See also defense critical infrastructure; national critical infrastructure and key assets. (JP 3-26)

Intelligence that is crucial and requires the immediate attention of the commander. It is required to enable the commander to make decisions that will provide a timely and appropriate response to actions by the potential or actual enemy. It includes but is not limited to the following: a. strong indications of the imminent outbreak of hostilities of any type (warning of attack); b. aggression of any nature against a friendly country; c. indications or use of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; and d. significant events within potential enemy countries that may lead to modification of nuclear strike plans. (JP 2-01)

An essential item which is in short supply or expected to be in short supply for an extended period. See also critical supplies and materiel; regulated item.

Prioritized list, compiled from a subordinate commander?s composite critical item lists, identifying supply items and weapon systems that assist Service and Defense Logistics Agency?s selection of supply items and systems for production surge planning. Also may be used in operational situations by the combatant commander and/or subordinate joint force commander (within combatant commander directives) to cross-level critical supply items between Service components. Also called CIL. See also critical item. (JP4-07)

A joint duty assignment position for which, considering the duties and responsibilities of the position, it is highly important that the assigned officer be particularly trained in, and oriented toward, joint matters. Critical billets are selected by heads of joint organizations, approved by the Secretary of Defense and documented in the Joint Duty Assignment List.

The minimum amount of fissionable material capable of supporting a chain reaction under precisely specified conditions.

An element, position, or command and control entity whose disruption or destruction immediately degrades the ability of a force to command, control, or effectively conduct combat operations. Also called target critical damage point.

A military occupational specialty selected from among the combat arms in the Army or equivalent military specialties in the Navy,Air Force, or Marine Corps. Equivalent military specialties are those engaged in operational art in order to attain strategic goals in an operational area through the design, organization, and conduct of campaigns and major operations. Critical occupational specialties are designated by the Secretary of Defense. Also called COS.

1. A key geographical point or position important to the success of an operation. 2. In point of time, a crisis or a turning point in an operation. 3. A selected point along a line of march used for reference in giving instructions. 4. A point where there is a change of direction or change in slope in a ridge or stream. 5. Any point along a route of march where interference with a troop movement may occur.

An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability to be fully operational. (JP 3-0)

A part, assembly, installation, or production system with one or more essential characteristics that, if not conforming to the design data or quality requirements, would result in an unsafe condition that could cause loss or serious damage to the end item or major components, loss of control, or serious injury to personnel. Also called CSI.

(*) A speed or range of speeds which a ship cannot sustain due to vibration or other similar phenomena.

(*) Those supplies vital to the support of operations, which owing to various causes are in short supply or are expected to be in short supply. See also critical item; regulated item.

Any item described at National Stock Number level of detail, by federal supply class, as part of the logistic factors file, that significantly affect the commander?s ability to execute an operation plan. Also called CSI.

An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable to direct or indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 3-0)

An assessment that identifies key assets and infrastructure that support Department of Defense missions, units, or activities and are deemed mission critical by military commanders or civilian agency managers. It addresses the impact of temporary or permanent loss of key assets or infrastructures to the installation or a unit?s ability to perform its mission. It examines costs of recovery and reconstitution including time, dollars, capability, and infrastructure support. (JP 3-07.2)

(*) The transfer of information between facilities at the same operational level. See also track telling.

The authority and ability to shift materiel inventory from one owner to meet the requirement of another. At the theater strategic level and operational level, it is the process of diverting en route or in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority of another within the combatant commander?s directive authority for logistics. Cross-leveling plans must include specific reimbursement procedures. (JP 4-07)

The distribution of leaders, key weapons, personnel, and key equipment among the aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of a formation to preclude the total loss of command and control or unit effectiveness if an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle is lost. It is also an important factor in aiding rapid assembly of units at the drop zone or landing zone. See also loading.

A subset of common-user logistics in which a function is performed by one Military Service in support of another Military Service and for which reimbursement is required from the Service receiving support. See also acquisition and cross-servicing agreement; common-user logistics; servicing. (JP 4-07)

The layering of weapons from different delivery platforms to increase the probability of target damage or destruction.

(*) 1. A number of adjacent crossing sites under the control of one commander. 2. (DOD only) A controlled access area for a river crossing operation used to decrease traffic congestion at the river. It is normally a brigade-sized area defined by lateral boundaries and release lines 3 to 4 kilometers (based on mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available) from each side of the river.

Guided missile, the major portion of whose flight path to its target is conducted at approximately constant velocity; depends on the dynamic reaction of air for lift and upon propulsion forces to balance drag.

(*) A level determined by vertical measurement from mean sea level, maintained during a flight or portion thereof.

(*) A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight. See also altitude.

See collapse depth.

Liquefied gas at very low temperature, such as liquid oxygen, nitrogen, or argon.

The steps and operations performed in converting encrypted messages into plain text without initial knowledge of the key employed in the encryption.

1. A complete system of crypto-communications between two or more holders. 2. The basic unit for naval cryptographic communication. It includes: a. the cryptographic aids prescribed; b. the holders thereof; c. the indicators or other means of identification; d. the area or areas in which effective; e. the special purpose, if any, for which provided; and f. pertinent notes as to distribution, usage, etc. A cryptochannel is analogous to a radio circuit.

All information significantly descriptive of cryptographic techniques and processes or of cryptographic systems and equipment (or their functions and capabilities) and all cryptomaterial.

Of or pertaining to cryptology.

The science that deals with hidden, disguised, or encrypted communications. It includes communications security and communications intelligence.

All material including documents, devices, equipment, and apparatus essential to the encryption, decryption, or authentication of telecommunications. When classified, it is designated CRYPTO and subject to special safeguards.

(*) A division of a message as prescribed for security reasons. The operating instructions for certain cryptosystems prescribe the number of groups which may be encrypted in the systems, using a single message indicator. Cryptoparts are identified in plain language. They are not to be confused with message parts.

The component of communications security that results from the provision of technically sound cryptosystems and their proper use. See also communications security. (JP 6-0)

The associated items of cryptomaterial that are used as a unit and provide a single means of encryption and decryption. See also cipher; code; decrypt; encipher.

Those aircraft, vehicles, maritime craft, and assigned personnel possessing inherent capabilities to recover isolated personnel, but whose primary designed operational capability or mission is other than combat search and rescue (CSAR). CSAR-capable assets are mobile, responsive, and capable of physically recovering and/or returning isolated personnel to friendly forces.

Those aircraft, vehicles, maritime craft, and assigned personnel with a primary designed operational capability and Service- or component-designated mission of conducting or directly supporting combat search and rescue (CSAR) operations. Dedicated assets and assigned personnel are specifically trained, equipped, and employed to recover isolated personnel or provide direct support to assets conducting CSAR operations. ?CSAR-capable? assets specifically tasked to conduct CSAR operations by a joint force commander or other appropriate authority are included in this category.

The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its form of operations, offense or defense. a. In the offense, the point at which continuing the attack is no longer possible and the force must consider reverting to a defensive posture or attempting an operational pause. b. In the defense, the point at which counteroffensive action is no longer possible. (JP 3-0)

A deliberate and calculated association with a person for the purpose of recruitment, obtaining information, or gaining control for these or other purposes.

(*) A feature of the terrain that has been constructed by man. Included are such items as roads, buildings, and canals; boundary lines; and, in a broad sense, all names and legends on a map.

Weight of a ground vehicle including fuel, lubricants, coolant, and on-vehicle materiel, excluding cargo and operating personnel.

A body of water moving in a certain direction and caused by wind and density differences in water. The effects of a current are modified by water depth, underwater topography, basin shape, land masses, and deflection from the earth?s rotation. (JP 4-01.6)

The force that exists today. The current force represents actual force structure and/or manning available to meet present contingencies. It is the basis for operations and contingency plans and orders. See also force; Intermediate Force Planning Level; Programmed Forces.

One of two categories of descriptive intelligence that is concerned with describing the existing situation.

Deep water movements caused by tides or seasonal changes in ocean water level. (JP 4-01.6)

A water movement that flows from the beach through the surf zone in swiftly moving narrow channels. See also surf zone. (JP 4-01.6)

(*) The curved path described by a fighter plane making an attack on a moving target while holding the proper aiming allowance.

Ridges of beach material extending seaward from the beach face with intervening troughs. (JP 4-01.6)

Members of the US Armed Forces or Department of Defense civilian employees accountable for administration of the postal effects entrusted to them by the United States Postal Service. Civilian custodians of postal effects are supervised by the members of the US Armed Forces. Also called COPE.

1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of, and access to, weapons and components. Custody also includes the maintenance of accountability for weapons and components. 2. Temporary restraint of a person.

(*) The ship in a replenishment unit that receives the transferred personnel and/or supplies.

The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and satisfaction of that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09)

US Customs Service long-range voice communications system. Also called COTHEN. (JP 3-07.4)

(*) The deliberate shutting off of a reaction engine.

(*) The velocity attained by a missile at the point of cut-off.

An attack that provides a direct vector from the interceptor?s position to an intercept point with the target track.

An intermediary or device used to obviate direct contact between members of a clandestine organization.

(*) 1. In naval mine warfare, a device fitted to a sweep wire to cut or part the moorings of mines or obstructors; it may also be fitted in the mooring of a mine or obstructor to part a sweep. 2. (DOD only) Coast Guard watercraft 65 feet long or larger. See also mine warfare; watercraft. (JP 3-33)

(*) A charge which produces a cutting effect in line with its plane of symmetry.

Measures to identify, penetrate, or neutralize foreign operations that use cyber means as the primary tradecraft methodology, as well as foreign intelligence service collection efforts that use traditional methods to gauge cyber capabilities and intentions. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

The notional environment in which digitized information is communicated over computer networks. (JP 2-01.3)

Military Dictionary (Letter Group C)

All official U.S. DoD military terms, and their definitions, beginning with the letter C.