Following in 1964 was a slightly revised form with improved guidance and added a modified rocket booster by way of the "S-125M" designation. It was, itself, improved through the upcoming "S-125M1". The navalized version became the SA-N-1 (M-1 "Volna"). Original missiles were designated "V-600" and sported a 132lb warhead with an engagement range out to 9.3 miles. Improvements to its design brought about adoption of the "V-601" series which added a further 22lbs to the warhead with drastically increased engagement beyond 20 miles. The warhead in both types was of a High-Explosive, FRAGmentation (HI-FRAG) design with command-based detonation. The missile was powered by a solid propellant rocket motor capable of reaching altitudes beyond 55,000 feet.
Beyond the missile section of the SA-3 arrangement was its direction radar. This was actually a collection of accompanying systems that included a C-band target acquisition element, a fire control and guidance segment, and an E-band altitude/rangefinder. Working collectively, the arrangement ensured a potent level of success even against fast-moving, agile targets.
For the remerging Russian Army, the S-125 series was eventually succeeded by the SA-10 "Grumble" (S-300) and SA-12 "Giant" families. Other operators have either discontinued use of the line or have developed local modernization programs (as is the case with Serbian and Ukrainian stocks). Former operators include Afghanistan, Cambodia, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Finland, Hungary, Iraq, Romania, Russia, Somalia, Slovakia, South Yemen, and Yugoslavia. Russia retired their stock during the 1990s and Iraq's collection was destroyed in the 2003 American-led invasion. Back in the 1991 Gulf War campaign, Iraqi SA-3s managed limited success against coalition aircraft - though claiming at least one General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon multirole fighter.
Notable current operators (as of 2014) include Angola, Cuba, Egypt, Georgia, India, Libya, North Korea, Poland, Syria, Venezuela, Vietnam, and Yemen (among others, see operators list).
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